Crimes of the Heart: A Case Study on Cardiac Anatomy Essay

Tiffany is stressed over her infant child. Since the time she brought Caleb home from the medical clinic it has been so difficult to get him to eat and he is by all accounts breathing too hard constantly. At his one month registration, the attendant discloses to her that Caleb has just increased one pound since he was conceived and Tiffany breaks into tears. Dr. Bread cook looks at Caleb in the test room, taking additional time feeling and tuning in to his chest. After the test Dr. Dough puncher says, â€Å"When I tune in to Caleb’s heart I hear an additional sound called a mumble. I need to utilize an echocardiogram and an ECG to get a decent image of the considerable number of parts of his heart.† Following an entire day of tests, Tiffany meets with Dr. Pastry specialist in his office. He clarifies, â€Å"After a cautious audit of all the data, I have found that Caleb has an opening in the heart muscle divider between his privilege and left ventricles. We consider it a ventricular septal deformity. That is most likely why he has been so touchy and difficult to take care of. The gap isn't large, yet he will in any case need to have medical procedure to fix it.† Although the idea of her little child having medical procedure is frightening, Tiffany is mitigated to know why things have been so intense at home. Short Answer Questions: 1. Caleb has anomalous heart sounds that warned the specialist to an issue. a. Name the typical hints of the heart and demonstrate what causes these sounds. The two significant sounds that are heard in a typical heart beat sound like â€Å"lub dub†. The â€Å"lub† is the main heart sound, ordinarily named S1, and is brought about by disturbance brought about by the conclusion of mitral and tricuspid valves toward the beginning of systole. The subsequent sound, â€Å"dub† or S2, is brought about by the conclusion of aortic and pulmonic valves, denoting the finish of systole. (STETHOGRAPHICS.COM) b. Comparable to the typical heart sounds, when might you hope to hear the strange sound Dr. Bread cook heard? Clarify your answer. At the point when a valve is stenotic or harmed, the strange tempestuous progression of blood creates a murmurâ which can be heard during the typically tranquil occasions of systole or diastole. (MED.UCLA.EDU). Corresponding to the systole and the diastole a mumble can be distinguished between the peaceful occasions between the two. Ordinarily, a mumble is a blowing, whooshing, or grating sound heard during a heartbeat. (NIH.GOV)That is the thing that Dr.Baker likely heard while doing the assessment. 2. The deformity in Caleb’s heart permits blood to blend between the two ventricular chambers. Because of this imperfection would you anticipate that the blood should move from left-to-right ventricle or option to-left ventricle during systole? Clarify your answer dependent on pulse and obstruction in the heart and extraordinary vessels. It goes left to directly during systole. The thing that matters is typically, oxygen-poor (nobility) comes back to the correct chamber from the body, goes to the correct ventricle, and afterward is siphoned into the lungs where it gets oxygen. Oxygen-rich (red) blood comes back to one side chamber from the lungs, goes into the left ventricle, and afterward is siphoned out to the body through the aorta. Be that as it may, when a newborn child has ventricular septal deformity it despite everything permits oxygen-rich (red) blood to go from the left ventricle, through the opening in the septum, and afterward blend in with oxygen-poor (nobility) in the correct ventricle. (ROCHESTER.EDU) yet rather when systole happens the blood gets blended in view of the septum in this manner heart needs to siphon more earnestly to guarantee that enough blood with oxygen arrives at the body. 3. At the point when an echocardiogram is played out, the specialist shading codes oxygenated dark red and deoxygenated blood (blue). a. In a sound infant, what shading would the blood be inside the privilege and left ventricles, individually? Right ventricle: deoxygenated (blue), Left ventricle: oxygenated (red) b. In Caleb’s heart, what shading would the blood be inside the privilege and left ventricles, individually? Left ventricle: oxygenated (red). Right ventricle: will have blended blood so it will be red and blue on the grounds that the opening between the two ventricles has an impact like an association between the atria: When the more impressive left ventricle beats, it discharges blood into the correct ventricle and pneumonic circuit. (A&P book pg. 677) 4. What happens to Caleb’s fundamental cardiovascular yield because of hisâ ventricular septal deformity (VSD)? Clarify your answer. Caleb will create lower cardiovascular yield in light of the fact that a left-to-right shunt at the ventricular level lessens LV yield by the measure of the shunt in view of this the body’s compensatory components will increment intravascular volume on account of this brought down heart yield until LV end-diastolic volume is adequate to siphon both a typical heart yield and the proportionate left-to-right shunt. (AHAJOURNALS.ORG) 5. In view of the area of Caleb’s imperfection, what part of the conduction framework may be in danger for anomalies? Well since Caleb has an opening in his heart muscle divider these pieces of the conduction framework may be in danger for variations from the norm the SA hub, AV hub, heap of His, group branches, and Purkinje filaments. (NIH.GOV 2) WORKS CITED STETHOGRAPHICS.COM http://www.stethographics.com/fundamental/physiology_hs_introduction.html MED.UCLA.EDU https://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/Physiology.htm NIH.GOV http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003266.htm A&P book pg. 677 ROCHESTER.EDU http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/reference book/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01829 NIH.GOV 2 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000021.htm AHAJOURNALS.ORG

Nevada History Free Essays

Since ages I have been immovably stood and confirm a few periods of history and have witnessedâ â â â â â â â â various baffling and peculiar stages that are as yet unrevealed. I am colossal, elegant and notable Battle Mountain. My country is Nevada, which is a province of USA and is arranged in its West. We will compose a custom article test on Nevada History or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now It’s encompassed by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. In spite of the fact that it is bigger than these states however has lesser populace. Be that as it may, it has consistently been a state of fascination for the guests in light of the delightful spots like me, the incomparable Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which implies â€Å"snow clad†. Much about primitive Nevada stays dubious however there is indication of human disturbance in the region for in any event 12,000 years. Just about 30 thousand years back, Nevada was going through the Ice Age alongside the remainder of the west. This was the point at which I used to be secured with ice and my valleys were brimming with ice sheets. Steadily, with the dissolving of ice over the span of hundreds of years the mountains crawled further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I continued watching when the entirety of this water held the district that is presently a desert encased with rich estate. In this underlying metamorphous period some well known ice age creatures appeared, for example, musk bull, caribou and the mammoth. With the steady liquefying of ice the temperature started to rise and well evolved creatures moved northwards looking for new meadows. The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi implies â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remaining parts like bones and so on have been found at this point aside from a couple of creature workmanship works.  The archeologists and geologists have speculated that these antiquated individuals may have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The following Nevadan development is alluded to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made bushels are the main proof of them rather than any pots or work of art. Utilization of lances, sticks and darts is apparent yet no bolts and withdraws from. They existed close to 1500B. C.  Several hundreds years after the fact the principal white individuals came around with the bows and bolts. In a similar time in south the bin producers began to develop maize and Indian corn and they additionally started to utilize the bolts and bows. Sometime later they figured out how to make earthenware and with these proceeded with offices they step by step continued towards human progress. Their homes were burrowed outs or pits. (Rusco 1975) The Lost City: After another scene of 500 years the Pueblo Indians showed up at Moapa Valley area, from northern Arizona. They brought the better private procedures as well as began the horticulture of squashes, cotton and beans.  The Pueblo mixed with the Basket Makers, yet it’s unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a quiet join.â a definitive result was, anyway the arrangement of â€Å"Pueblo Grande de Nevada† or the eminent Lost City. At its peak, the Lost City reached out for a few miles.  It involved horticultural fields and human settlements dissipated everywhere throughout the valley. It included homestead lands, distant little homes and towns dispersed through the valley for a significant distance. (Rusco 1975) The first Whiteman: As, I follow back my memory Nevada was the last locale of the coterminous United States to be found. The historical backdrop of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, however, not American came to there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a quick advancement began occurring. (Glass 1981) During that year, Franciscan ministers may have into the most remote southern part while looking for a course to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further experience was started following fifty years, by British and American hide shippers and trappers. The fearless broker Peter Skene Ogden, who had a place with Hudson’s Bay Company, went over the current northern limit of the state in 1820. Ogden found the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second investigating trip. Around simultaneously, in 1826, the American explorer and dealer Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a walk to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, progressed by method of mid Nevada, and returned to the Great Salt Lake area. Jeddediah Smith is known as the primary American in the area. A gathering of trappers, under the order of Joseph Walker headed out to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson waterways. Following 10 years he coordinated wayfarers over nearly the comparative way, setting up a decent component of the track utilized by crude visitors on their approach to California. After the disclosure of gold in California in 1848, a few voyagers went across Nevada on their bearing to the Pacific Coast. In the meantime, as a result of his logical excursions during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont achieved a geographic discerning of the territory. In the wake of examining through the fruitless augmentations of Nevada for the amazing River Buenaventura, which should stream towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont expected this was a territory of inner seepage, and he announced Nevada to be segment of his notable â€Å"Great Basin.†(Stewart 1983) I additionally confirm the time of regional days and early statehood. The locale from which Nevada was formed was acquired from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I despite everything recollect the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the primary European American settlement was built up which was later named as Genoa. Nevada turned into an area of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were perceived as domains. In 1859 silver was found in Comstock Lode, which followed an extraordinary flood of individuals to Nevada. At that point it was pronounced as a different region in 1861. After just about three years when President Lincoln searched for the help of an abolitionist state, Nevada went to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is commended as Nevada’s birthday consistently. In the underlying long stretches of statehood mining end up being as an indispensable financial factor.â Cultivators and farmers drew in the lion's share accessible cultivating lands. The mining development started to lessen in l873. It was when silver’s costs began to fall as a result of being demonetized. Anyway overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Thus the state’s populace was decreased by just about 1/3 by the start of 1900. (Elliot 1987) Up till now Nevada has experienced noteworthy insurgencies and now it hits a high objective in US the travel industry. In excess of 50 million vacationers visit Nevada consistently delivering a magnificent measure of $ 40 billion for the travel industry returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005) Hundreds of years are passing consistently and me The Battle Mountain is as yet remained here to record the obscure further progression of human progress in my country, Nevada. References Elliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. second ed.â University of Neb. Press. Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevada’s Turbulent Fifties: Decade of Political and Economic Change. College of Nev. Press. Nevada Features Stories. Recovered April 3, 2008, from Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Great Time Coming? Dark Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Greenwood Press. Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. College of Neb. Press. Instructions to refer to Nevada History, Essay models Nevada History Free Essays Nevada History Up To 1900 Since ages I have been solidly stood and confirm a few periods of history and have witnessedâ â â â â â â â â various baffling and unusual stages that are as yet unrevealed. I am gigantic, effortless and notable Battle Mountain. My country is Nevada, which is a territory of USA and is arranged in its West. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nevada History or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now It’s encompassed by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Despite the fact that it is bigger than these states however has lesser populace. Be that as it may, it has consistently been a state of fascination for the guests on account of the excellent spots like me, the incomparable Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which implies â€Å"snow clad†. Much about antiquated Nevada stays dubious yet there is indication of human upheaval in the region for in any event 12,000 years. Right around 30 thousand years prior, Nevada was going through the Ice Age alongside the remainder of the west. This was the point at which I used to be secured with ice and my valleys were brimming with icy masses. Step by step, with the softening of ice over the span of hundreds of years the mountains crawled further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I continued watching when the entirety of this water held the locale that is presently a desert encased with copious manor. In this underlying metamorphous period some celebrated ice age creatures appeared, for example, musk bull, caribou and the mammoth. With the consistent dissolving of ice the temperature started to rise and well evolved creatures moved northwards looking for new meadows. The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi implies â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remaining parts like bones and so forth have been found at this point aside from a couple of creature craftsmanship works.  The archeologists and geologists have theorized that these antiquated individuals may have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The following Nevadan progress is alluded to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made bushels are the main proof of them rather than any pots or fine art. Utilization of lances, sticks and darts is apparent yet no bolts and retires from. They existed close to 1500B. C. A few hundreds years after the fact the main white individuals came around with the bows and bolts. I

Practicing for Your Med School Interview Conversation 101

Most applicants come away from their first med school interview saying, â€Å"that wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be.† As in many areas of life, the anticipation of a stressful event can be worse than the event itself. Although many med schools work hard to make applicants feels relaxed, this doesn’t mean you should show up unprepared. An interview can turn the tide for or against you. It gives the school a sense of how you will interact with patients, i.e. your potential bedside manner. If you make a good connection with your interviewer, they will often fight to get you into their incoming class. So how do you connect with someone you’ve never met before? How do you make them feel heard? Try this: Imagine you are a doctor, and the interviewers are patients coming to you for help. Your job is to listen closely, put them at ease, and share your thoughts based on what they are asking. Your job is not to give a speech, but rather to participate in a back and forth exchange of ideas. If your interviewers feels like they are being heard, they will imagine a patient would feel the same way. And that is ultimately what the interview is for to find out how you behave with someone who needs you to listen. Check out our mock interview services!   So here is your chance to practice. Here are some common medical school interview questions and a strategy to help you handle each one. Look at each of the questions below and write down a few ways you would answer it. â€Å"Tell me about yourself.†   (The open-ended question) This question is all about organization. You may be tempted to start at the beginning of your life and say, â€Å"I was born in †¦ grew up in †¦ went to school at†¦and then my family moved to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clearly, this answer will take quite a while to get to anything relevant. Interviewees who start this way often realize they are talking too much and stop before they get to anything important. To be more effective, your answer should have a theme. Some examples: †¢ I have always liked taking things apart. Ever since I was a kid, I’ve taken things apart and tried to figure out how they work. †¢ I love teaching and sharing ideas with others. I learn most when I’m listening to someone else asking me questions, because it makes me think more about what I know. †¢ I enjoy being active and eating healthy. This keeps me balanced and gives me a common area of interest with others who are interested in health. Being healthy involves so many areas of life. If you are having trouble thinking of an approach to this question, you can borrow an idea from any one of the ones above, especially if you find a topic that you want to share. Just be careful to finish within a few sentences. â€Å"What do you like to do for fun?†   (The let’s be friends question) This question sometimes stumps applicants, who feel they haven’t done anything fun since they started studying for the MCAT and writing essays a year ago! Try thinking of something that makes you sound like a normal person, such as walking the family dog, cooking for friends, talking to your grandparents on the phone, painting, reading, playing board games, or going camping, hiking, rock-climbing, etc. Whatever it is, smile while you talk about it, which shows that you know how to enjoy something. They don’t want students who are so high strung they can’t slow down and enjoy life. â€Å"How should we pay for health care in the U.S.?†   (The big picture question) Ah, the interrogation that stumped me as an interviewee. I went around in circles and finally dug myself into a pit of bad ideas. I thought about that interview many times, and eventually realized there was no right answer. After all, politicians and policy makers can’t figure it out, so how should you, a humble pre-med student, know the correct answer? The key is to show that you know a something about the debate, and have some ideas on how to approach it. Acknowledge that it is a difficult problem with many complex factors, then discuss a few of the pros and cons of one solution. Try not to come across as a know it all. Sometimes the best thing you can say is, â€Å"I wish I knew the answer.† Download your free copy of The Ultimate Guide to Interview Success! â€Å"Why do you want to come here?†Ã‚   (The â€Å"why us† question) Schools are forever asking, â€Å"does this applicant really want to be here?† If you have high stats and options in your home state, they may suspect you aren’t serious about their school, and they may be right. However, imagine it’s the only school you get accepted to. Would you want to go there? If so, figure out what is special and unique about their curriculum, then convince them you belong there. Don’t rattle off a list of things like a brochure. Pick one or two programs that genuinely interest you, and tell them why you would participate. In the end, you just might be lucky enough to go there. â€Å"Tell me about that grade in biochemistry.†Ã‚   (The explain yourself question) You got a C- in your sophomore year, and are hoping the rest of your record will overshadow it. Then your worst nightmare happens. An interviewer asks you to explain that class and why you got that grade. The story you have been telling yourself is that your professor barely spoke English, you were sick with mono, and your home team was in the World Series. Studying just wasn’t going to happen. But of course, you can’t say any of that! So how do you take responsibility and show them that you’ve learned from it, without making excuses or blaming others? The answer is to discuss your learning style and studying technique. Explain that before this course, you studied a certain way, but this grade was a turning point. You realized that you needed a new approach, and you incorporated your visual/auditory/kinesthetic learning style. You tried new study styles until you found a technique that worked for you. Most doctors have struggled with a class at some point, and everyone likes to think our success is due to our hard work and perseverance (which on some level, is true). Remind them of their own challenges and individual learning style, and they will tend to believe you. â€Å"Why not become a scientist, teacher, or nurse?†Ã‚   (The why medicine question) You think you answered this already in your application, so how do you relate it here, without repeating yourself? Think of a moment when you saw how medicine changed someone’s life. Tell them how you want to be a part of that moment. What is it about being a physician that appeals to you more than anything else? Be specific and avoid the uber-generic, â€Å"I want to help people,† which can lead you to being a nurse, a teacher, a scientist, or a thousand other helping professions. â€Å"What are your strengths?†   (The â€Å"why should we admit you† question) How to sound confident without appearing too self-important? And what are the â€Å"best† strengths to have? The important thing to remember here is that it’s not the specific strengths you choose, but how well you paint the picture of yourself using them. Start off by asking yourself what you like to do most in the world. Usually we enjoy doing things that allow us to use our strengths, because they are less taxing, and we are more apt to do well. If your favorite thing is watching movies with friends, then your strength might be analyzing concept and reading people. If your hobby is taking cars apart, then maybe your strength is mechanical dexterity. If your favorite thing is rock-climbing, then your strength might be staying calm under pressure. If you enjoy making art, your strength may be finding new ways to express an idea or concept. Everyone has more than one strength, so pick a few and see what sounds best. Don’t limit yourself to the standard academic s trengths, and you will find a richer and more convincing topic. â€Å"Tell me about a challenge and how you overcame it.†   (The adversity question) The key here is to come up with a challenge that you have truly overcome. Think of something you are proud to have accomplished, or found a way to resolve. Now think of what made it so difficult along the way. Describe in detail how you persevered when the going got tough. The difficulty in this question usually comes if you are contemplating an answer that lies at one of the two extremes. Either your challenge was so deep and personal that it’s too hard (or too soon) to write about it, or you can only think of run-of-the-mill challenges (a B+ in chemistry, for example), which seem too trivial to talk about. If the B+ in chemistry made you realize you needed to find a new study style or helped you understand how to cope with stress better, you can discuss that in more detail. If your deep personal challenge is still weighing heavily on you, don’t discuss it in the interview. Above all, stay away from romantic relationships. These conversations can make an interviewer fe el uncomfortable, which is not the impression you want to leave. â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 10 years?†   (The â€Å"future self† question) At this point, you probably haven’t thought much about life beyond your next interview, so how to fast-forward ten entire years? This question takes a bit of creative imagining. Use it as an opportunity to try out a few ideas, then test them before deciding how to answer. Imagine the mixture of your day. Would you enjoy working with patients for half a day, and teaching for the other half? If so, then you might be leaning towards academic medicine. Do you see yourself doing research 2-3 days and seeing patients the other days? Then clinical research might be a good direction. On the other hand, do you want to focus all your energy on patient care, enjoy playing detective, and want to see a wide variety of issues? If so, primary care may be the place for you. Remember, it is not important (or even wise) to decide on a specialty now. That’s what your clinical rotations are for. Just try to imagine the way you like to spend your day, and that should tell you what kind of p ractice you might enjoy. Smile while you talk about it, to show that you are looking forward to this new life, despite the long hours and years of work to get there. â€Å"Tell me about a time when you were on a team.†   (The working with others question) I call this the â€Å"Goldilocks and the three bears† question. There are three ways to answer it, but only one feels â€Å"just right.† You can answer it as a positive experience (everyone was great, we all got along), a negative experience (I had to do all the work myself, everyone else was lazy), or a learning experience (we had different ideas at the start, but then we compromised, and came to appreciate one another’s strengths). The all positive version sounds untruthful, the all negative version does not give you responsibility, while the combined approach is what they are looking for, or â€Å"just right.† Practice for your  interview with an admissions pro!   â€Å"What if an elderly woman’s family asks you to keep a diagnosis of terminal cancer from her?†   (The ethics question) This question is an opportunity for you to show that you can think on your feet. Remember that, in any ethical dilemma, there are pros and cons to each path, responsibilities and laws to keep in mind, and above all, your primary obligation is to your patient. If you are faced with an ethics question, the key is to explore the pros and cons of each decision point. First, discuss that you would want to get more information (why do they want to keep the diagnosis from her, does she have any underlying emotional or mental health issues?). Then, discuss your primary responsibility (doing the best thing for your patient). If you get to a point where you don’t know what to do next, remember that you can always ask for help. Say that you would consult with your hospital’s ethics committee, and if they are not available, you would consult with other physicians who have faced similar situations. There is often no right or wrong answer to an ethics question, so the best path invol ves exploring the options, with a spirit of enquiring and empathy for both sides. Now it’s time to practice. First, write down your answers to each of the above questions to get your thoughts organized. Once you feel comfortable with your answers, practice without using your notes. I know, I know, you’re a dedicated note taker. I am too. But an interview is not a speech or a script of rehearsed words. It is a conversation. And to be good at conversation, you need to practice doing it live. Do interviews with friends, in front of the mirror, an advisor, an Accepted consultant, or a little of each. Ask for feedback on your facial expressions, eye contact, how you responded to the question being asked, and whether the other person felt heard. A word of warning: There is no way to anticipate every question. When you are faced with a question or topic you have not practiced for, don’t panic. Use these three tips to keep yourself focused and calm: Listen. The biggest mistake interviewees (and doctors) make, is talking about a pre-rehearsed topic of your own interest, instead of listening and responding to the question being asked. This is what makes an interview more like improv than acting. If you rehearse only what you want to say (acting), you won’t be responding in the moment (improv). Improv actors don’t walk out on stage and hope for the best. They prepare by having other actors throw out suggestions. A practice or mock interview is the only way you can be ready for the real thing. Smile. Your interviewer may have read your application just a few minutes ago, in the middle of a busy, stress-filled day. They may be new at this too, and wonder if they are doing it right. If you seem to be enjoying the conversation, they are likely to rate YOU as being better at interpersonal communication. The best way to do this is a warm smile. Practice your smile on others and ask them for feedback on your facial expression. Be honest. Don’t exaggerate or pretend you know the answer to everything. Practice saying the words, â€Å"I don’t know,† or â€Å"I need to learn more about that.† Med schools don’t want students who think they know everything. They want people who are willing to admit when they don’t have all the answers, and then work hard to figure them out. The best way to feel confident going into your interview is to be absolutely sure you’ve taken the right steps to prepare.  A mock interview and feedback  from an Accepted admissions expert will  provide you with  personalized guidance and feedback and  help you put your best foot forward on interview day.  Contact us to get started! ; Dr. Suzi Schweikert has served on the UCSD School of Medicine’s admissions committee, and has mentored students in healthcare programs for over 20 years. She holds a BA in English Lit from UCLA, an MD from UCSD, and an MPH from SDSU.  Want Suzi to help you get accepted?  Click here to get in touch with Dr. Suzi Schweikert. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  The Ultimate Guide to Medical School Interview Success, a free guide †¢Ã‚  Do I Really Need a Mock Admissions Interview?, a short video †¢ What are Medical Schools Looking For?

Ionic Radius Trends in the Periodic Table

The ionic radius of the elements exhibits trends in the periodic table. In general: Ionic radius increases as you move from top to bottom on the periodic table.Ionic radius decreases as you move across the periodic table, from left to right. Although ionic radius and atomic radius do not mean exactly the same thing, the trend applies to the atomic radius as well as to the ionic radius. Key Takeaways: Ionic Radius Trend on Periodic Table The ionic radius is half the distance between atomic ions in a crystal lattice. To find the value, ions are treated as if they were hard spheres.The size of an elements ionic radius follows a predictable trend on the periodic table.As you move down a column or group, the ionic radius increases. This is because each row adds a new electron shell.Ionic radius decreases moving from left to right across a row or period. More protons are added, but the outer valence shell remains the same, so the positively charged nucleus draws in the electrons more tightly. But for the nonmetallic elements, the ionic radius increases because there are more electrons than protons.While the atomic radius follows a similar trend, ions may be larger or smaller than neutral atoms. Ionic Radius and Group Why does radius increase with higher atomic numbers in a group? As you move down a group in the periodic table, additional layers of electrons are being added, which naturally causes the ionic radius to increase as you move down the periodic table. Ionic Radius and Period It might seem counterintuitive that the size of an ion would decrease as you add more protons, neutrons, and electrons in a period, yet, theres an explanation for this. As you move across a row of the periodic table, the ionic radius decreases for metals forming cations, as the metals lose their outer electron orbitals. The ionic radius increases for nonmetals as the effective nuclear charge decreases due to the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons. Ionic Radius and Atomic Radius The ionic radius is different from the atomic radius of an element. Positive ions are smaller than their uncharged atoms. Negative ions are larger than their neutral atoms. Sources Pauling, L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, 1960.Wasastjerna, J. A. On the radii of ions.  Comm. Phys.-Math., Soc. Sci. Fenn.  vol. 1, no. 38, pp. 1–25, 1923.

Comparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples

Comparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in their childhood. Amazingly you will notice the all had similar backgrounds, but came up with completely different ways of looking at life. Comparison of Theories 3 Understanding Personality Personality is the unique, relatively†¦show more content†¦His father was moody and very irritable and wasn’t a strong figure in the household Comparisons in Theories 4 and one of nine clergymen in the family. Jung had one sister that was born when he was nine years old, which probably added to his loneliness. Jung spent most of his childhood alone in the attic. He felt cut off from the real world and escaped to his own reality of dreams and fantasies. His loneliness throughout his life showed greatly in his work on the inner self on the individual rather than experiences with other people. Carl Rogers Rogers was the fourth of six children in his family. His parents were very strict, religious, and domineering. He and his siblings were not allowed to â€Å"dance, play cards, attend movies, smoke, drink, or show any sexual interest† (Schultz Schultz, 1998, p. 310). There was a lot of competitiveness between them because Rogers felt that his parents showed favoritism towards his older brother. â€Å"Rogers described himself as shy, solitary, dreamy, and often lost in fantasy† (Schultz Schultz, 1998, p. 310). This loneliness like Jung reflected in his work. That feeling led him to depend on his own experiences and not those of others. B.F. Skinner Skinner was the older of two sons. His parents were very strict and hardworking. â€Å"I was taught to fear God, the police, and what people would think† (Schultz Schultz, 1998, p. 362). His grandmother reinforced the fear of Hell byShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy: a Personality Comparison with the Theories Od Rollo May and Albert Bandura2868 Words   |  12 PagesTed Bundy 2 Ted Bundy: A Personality Comparison With The Theories Of Rollo May and Albert Bandura The objective of this case study is to examine the personality of one of the most notorious serial killers in modern history, Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy was alleged to have humiliated, tortured and murdered at least 50 women. Possibility more, but the true number will never be known. Because Ted Bundy kept the true number of his victims to himself and refused to inform authorities of the exactRead MoreThe Individual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been1100 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been considered an unproblematic concept and primarily refers to the varying kinds of characteristics of individuals. Despite this assumption, psychologists have constantly used the word in different ways. The varying views in the use of this concept or term are fueled by the fact that psychology usually makes generalizations regarding individuals. 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Society recognizes the multiple types of crimes that exist in society because of this, theorists identify different levels why these crimes exist. This paper will provide information on sociological theory including the relationship between personality and criminal behavior according to sociological theory. AlsoRead MoreThe Breakfast Club : A Perfect Source For The Study Of Communication Theory1657 Words   |  7 PagesBreakfast Club† is a perfect source for the study of communication theory. It possesses the potential for numerous conversations regarding theories that even the most basic scholar of communication could discuss. For example, there are countless displays of symbolic convergence, symbolic interactionism, relational dialectics, cathartic scenes, identification, and social comparison. When viewing this movie it is hard to ignore these theories being put into practice. They constitute the framework of theRead MoreComparing Eysenck s Theory Of Personality And Costa And Mcrae s Five Factor Model1511 Words   |  7 Pages(1959) defines personality traits as being ‘any distinguishable, relatively enduring w ay in which one individual varies from another’. Subsequently, trait theory can be identified as an approach to the study of human personality. The aim of psychologists, specifically trait theorists, is to explain similarities and differences between individuals based on traits. Although numerous psychologists differ on the amount of traits that are significant, each theorist categorizes personality traits along several

Past Consideration - Concepts and Assurances Made Under Seal Deeds

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Past Consideration. Answer: Introduction: Consideration is the price paid in exchange of the promise as asked by the promisor. In many states price paid for the promise was not a essential constituent of a agreement and it would be more than sufficient if the parties have reached a binding agreement. It has been regarded that the past consideration paid would not be a good consideration. It must come into subsistence with or after the undertaking. Where the predetermined price predates the assurance made, then it would not be measured as a good consideration (Australian Contract Law, 2015). In the matter of Roscola v. Thomas the promise was not a obligatory on the parties because the only price which was offered for a guarantee was about the dependability of a horse. The same was inflowing into the unique agreement which has taken place before the guarantee was assured (Law Teacher, 2016). There have been certain exceptions which make a past consideration a good consideration if: The price was offered at the demand of the person who makes a promise; The parties appreciate that the action would be compensated; and The promise has happened in progress of the act it would have been enforceable. In the case of Pao On v Lau Yiu Long all the above mentioned three requirements were present. In particular, the defendant has made a request that the plaintiff would preserve 60 percent of the shares and the parties believed at that time that the action would be rewarded by the stipulation of a promise (McKendrick,E., and Liu, Q., 2015). Although, where the promise was already bound by the agreement to the promisor, the general ruling was that the presentation of an existing contractual duty would not be a good consideration unless some extra advantage was awarded. But the situation would be different where the promise with regard to the agreement bound to a 3rd party to carry out the duty. In a matter where the contractual obligation of the promise was owed to a third party, performing that obligation was considered as a good consideration for the promise of the promisor. Similarly in the matter of Glasbrook v Glamorgan County Council it was held that where an obligation was forced by law to carry out a certain assignment mere act of that task was not a good consideration. This helps in preventing bribery such as public officers extortion money from the public for performing tasks they were already requisite to do. Though, if the promisor does more than merely executing an accessible obligation would be considered as a good consideration (E-lawresources.co.uk, 2016). But there are presently two different exceptions to the obligation of price paid such as: Assurances made under seal deeds Where the principle of promissory estoppel functions. As this doctrine was intended to implement undertakings in certain situations where it would be unfair not to do so but it was not a true alternate for the price paid. The principle was reasonable in nature and functions when it would be unjust for the promisor not to be held to the promise. It was first developed in the case of Hughes v. Metropolitan Railway Co [1877] but was vanished for some time until it was revived by the judge in the matter of Central London Property v High Trees. The judge in this matter affirmed that the code which has been explained as quasi estoppels and perhaps more clearly as promissory estoppels was that when one party to an agreement in the absence of a fresh price paid for the promise agrees not to put into effect his liberties. Then, fairness would be lifted in favor of the other party. This fairness was, however, subject to the prerequisite: That the other party has misrepresented his situation; That the promisor could withdraw from his undertaking on granting rational notice, which need not be a official notice, giving the promise a practical chance of restarting his work; The assurance only becomes final and irreversible if the promisee would not resume his position (Supreme Court of New South Wales, 2016). In this case another kind of promise was represented that the courts would enforce without consideration and also it was stated that a promise must be honored if: It was made with the purpose of producing a lawful relation; The promisor knew that it would be imposed upon by the pomisee; and It was imposed upon by the promise to the promisees damage. The court held that in this circumstance, the plaintiff would be stopped from implementing its strict lawful liberties as it would be inequitable to enforce such privileges. It also defined the equitable estoppels as a condition in which a promisor would be stopped from implementing his full lawful privileges if he had made a previous promise limiting this liberty (Olamide, 2016). Therefore, in such type of cases estoppels would act as a defense to protect the promisor who acted variably with the promise but would not originate as a cause of action. So, it would be taken as a shield rather than a sword. The significance of the case lies in the obiter declaration of ruling made by the judge which states that a guarantee which proposed to be obligatory, planned to be acted on, or in fact acted on, is obligatory so far as its conditions correctly apply. In applying this ruling, it was also affirmed that an assurance to accept a lower rent during the war years was obligatory on the landlord, in spite of the fact that the tenant has supplied no price for it. For this doctrine there were certain restrictions which must be satisfied which were derived in this case. The restrictions include certain points such as: There must be a promise There must be a clear promise which intends to alter the contracted duty. However, there were some limitations also related to the doctrine of estoppels such as: It applied only where the parties were already in an accessible contractual association; and It offered only a guard to a assertion made by the promisor in contravention of the promise so it would not establish a allegation. It was also stated by a judge in the matter of Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd that it accepted the ruling that High Trees would be used to destroy a liberty of a creditor to pay full amount of a debt in some situations (McKendendrick, 2013). Contract law of Australia has now gone beyond the point noticeable in the High Trees case to the cases where there was no pre-existing lawful association among the parties, and the doctrine could be regarded as a weapon not just as a guard. The verdict given in the case of Waltan Stores have extended the doctrine of Promissory estoppel which was established in the high trees case giving way for an equitable estoppel to be acknowledged and applied in the subsequent case laws (Clark, E., 2016). As Equitable estoppels was regarded as the rule that recognizes that it would be unconscionable of one party from gaining any type of benefit over the second party due to falsification resulting in actions taken by the second party that led to a harmful result to themselves. Also this doctrine was not reliant on a pre-existing contractual association. So, it is concluded that the idea of past price payment being not good consideration is no longer suitable since the High Trees case because of the evolution of the exception of Promissory estoppels to the this rule of past consideration. Also, the High Trees case has not been overruled by any case rather only the doctrine of estoppels have been more briefly defined in the case of Waltan Stores. Therefore, this principle still applies in present time. References: Australian Contract Law. (2015) Consideration.[Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html#considpast [Accessed on 21/09/16] Law Teacher. (2016) Promise in Breach of Contract. [Online] Law Teacher. Available from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/promise-in-breach-of-contract-law-essay.php [Accessed on 21/09/16] McKendrick,E., and Liu, Q. (2015) Contract Law: Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. E-lawresources.co.uk. (2016) Glasbrook Bros v Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270 House of Lords.[Online] E-lawresources.co.uk. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Glasbrook-Bros-v-Glamorgan-County-Council.php [Accessed on 21/09/16] Olamide, O. (2016) The Concept Of Consideration. [Online] Djetlawyer. Available from: https://www.djetlawyer.com/the-concept-of-consideration/ [Accessed on 21/09/16] Supreme Court of New South Wales. ( 2016) Equitable Estoppel In Australia: The Court Of Conscience In The Antipodes. [Online] Supreme Court of New South Wales. Available from: https://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Speeches/Pre-2015%20Speeches/Brereton/brereton_2007.03.16.pdf [Accessed on 21/09/16] Clark, E.( 2016) The Swordbearer Has Arrived: Promissory Estoppel And Walton Stores (Interstate) Ltd V Maher. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UTasLawRw/1987/5.pdf [Accessed on 21/09/16] McKendendrick, E. (2013) Contract Law. Palgrave Macmillan.

UChicago Supplemental Essay Prompts 2018-2019

Who’s excited for the University of Chicago out-of-the-box supplemental essay prompts? University of Chicago 2018-2019 Essay Prompts The University of Chicago is known for its interesting and unique essay prompts that often ask students to show off their creativity. This year is no different. This year’s prompts ask students to imagine new spells, discover the end of the world, and more. If you’re interested in UChicago, it’s time to get brainstorming on how you’ll answer these essay prompts. UChicago’s application requires that applicants answer two essay questions. There is no word limit, and students can either submit it through the Common App or their own UChicago Account. Make sure you know which platform youre submitting through. UChicago Essay Prompt: Question 1 (Required) Essay Prompt: How does the University of Chicago, as you know it now, satisfy your desire for a particular kind of learning, community, and future? Please address with some specificity your own wishes and how they relate to UChicago. Essay Tips: This is the most common supplemental essay prompt you’ll find. It’s simple. Universities want to know why you want to study at their institution. What goals do you have that align with the teachings of the university? What does the community offer that can help you achieve those goals? In other words, they want to know that you’ve done the research and actually understand what the university has to offer you, instead of applying â€Å"just because†. On top of that, universities want to see that you know what your goals are and you see how that aligns with the university offerings. I mean, you wouldn’t apply to a university that doesn’t have an architecture program if you’re passionate about architecture, would you? So, think about what you want to gain out of the 4 years you have at college. If you’re not sure about what you want to study, that’s okay. You can think about the bigger picture: what are some skill sets or discipline that you want to be able to take away at the end of college. UChicago Extended Essay: Question 2 (Required) Essay Option 1 In 2015, the city of Melbourne, Australia created a tree-mail service, in which all of the trees in the city received an email address so that residents could report any tree-related issues. As an unexpected result, people began to email their favorite trees sweet and occasionally humorous letters. Imagine this has been expanded to any object (tree or otherwise) in the world, and share with us the letter you’d send to your favorite. -Inspired by Hannah Lu, Class of 2020 Essay Option 1 Advice: With this prompt, you’ll be able to share what your favorite object is. This doesn’t necessarily call on your most creative side, but it does allow you to show off your personality and your interests. You can take it anywhere you wantwhether that be a bus stop you have a long standing relationship with or a video game controller that has been through highs and lows with you. The point is you are allowed to choose anything that gets you excited, after all, it’s what you’d send to your favorite. Essay Option 2 You’re on a voyage in the thirteenth century, sailing across the tempestuous seas. What if, suddenly, you fell off the edge of the Earth? -Inspired by Chandani Latey, AB93 Essay Option 2 Advice: Are your creative sense tingling? This prompt reminds me a little bit of Alice in the Wonderland. What if you fell down a rabbit hole, or in this case, the edge of the Earth? What would be there? How would you go about approaching all the unfamiliar things? You will be able to demonstrate your creativity and your personality. You can describe how willing or unwilling you are to discover this new place you’ve found. Do you wish to stay there or are you looking for a way back? There’s a lot for you to play with, so be careful with how far you take this. As you brainstorm, keep in mind what it is you want to share about yourself. Essay Option 3 The word floccinaucinihilipilification is the act or habit of describing or regarding something as unimportant or of having no value. It originated in the mid-18th century from the Latin words floccus, naucum, nihilum, and pilus—all words meaning â€Å"of little use.† Coin your own word using parts from any language you choose, tell us its meaning, and describe the plausible (if only to you) scenarios in which it would be most appropriately used. -Inspired by Ben Zhang, Class of 2022 Essay Option 3 Advice: This might be a good prompt for those of you with a multicultural background, or for those who are really interested in language and linguistics. If you’re bilingual, you’ve probably encountered a situation where you knew how to express something in one language but not the other. Use your creativity and see how you can put them together, or using a language root develop a new word that will bring meaning to you and describe something you weren’t previously able to. Think hard about why you want it is you want to describe. It should have some meaning to you, otherwise, why do you need to create a new word to explain it? Essay Option 4 Lost your keys? Alohomora. Noisy roommate? Quietus. Feel the need to shatter windows for some reason? Finestra. Create your own spell, charm, jinx, or other means for magical mayhem. How is it enacted? Is there an incantation? Does it involve a potion or other magical object? If so, whats in it or what is it? What does it do? -Inspired by Emma Sorkin, Class of 2021 Essay Option 4 Advice: This is almost like asking what superpower you want! What daily inconvenience do you run into that a spell can solve? Put your inventor hats on and think about how the problems you can help solve not only for you but for everyone. Maybe there’s a spell that can be beneficial not only to you, but everyone. Use this prompt to show off your creative side, and perhaps your background or even your problem solving skills! Essay Option 5Imagine you’ve struck a deal with the Dean of Admissions himself, Dean Nondorf. It goes as follows: you’re guaranteed admission to the University of Chicago regardless of any circumstances that arise. This bond is grounded on the condition that you’ll obtain a blank, 8.5 x 11 piece of paper, and draw, write, sketch, shade, stencil, paint etc., anything and everything you want on it; your only limitations will be the boundaries of both sides on the single page. Now the catch†¦ your submission, for the rest of your life, will always be the first thing anyone you meet for the first time will see. Whether it’s at a job interview, a blind date, arrival at your first Humanities class, before you even say, â€Å"hey,† they’ll already have seen your page, and formulated that first impression. Show us your page. What’s on it, and why? If your piece is largely or exclusively visual, please make sure to share a creators accompa nying statement of at least 300 words, which we will happily allow to be on its own, separate page. PS: This is a creative thought experiment, and selecting this essay prompt does not guarantee your admission to UChicago. -Inspired by Amandeep Singh Ahluwalia, Class of 2022 Essay Option 5 Advice: The biggest challenge of this prompt is how long it is. Once you do read through it, the main question is this: if you had a one-page summary to describe to everyone you meet for the rest of your life, what would be on it? Because this is a more visual representation, please do not choose this essay prompt because you want to get out off writing an essay. This is certainly a prompt that will be advantageous for those who are artistically inclined as well. You are able to doodle and put down how you’d represent yourself to the world. Play around with colors to show your personality. Or the ratio of what you draw or write about: more focus on a specific topic probably means that is more valuable to you. This prompt is almost like an art project of how you’d represent yourself with any kind of medium. You’re just limited to a single page. You’d also have to provide an analysis of your piece, describing why you chose the colors, medium and composition. Essay Option 6 In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose your own question or choose one of our past prompts. Be original, creative, thought provoking. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. Essay Option 6 Advice: The above essay prompts not creative enough for you? Take a risk and put together a prompt you want to respond to. Before you do, take a look at some of the past prompts and see if those excite you! For supplemental essay examples, you can now search bysupplemental essay topicson our search page. Or, you can check out ourcurated packagesto find what you’re looking! For further access, upgrade to ourpremium plansoffer different levels of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school.

the gulf of tonkin Essays

the gulf of tonkin Essays the gulf of tonkin Essay the gulf of tonkin Essay In Robert McNamaras memoir, In Retrospect, McNamara provides intimate details on the events surrounding both the Kennedy, and Johnson administration. Moreover, he reflects on the some of the most controversial issues surrounding the cold war era, specifically, the the Tonkin Golf Incident, and the resolution it gave way to. McNamara examines what he believes to be the key questions surrounding these events that have sparked debate for decades. Did attacks occur on two US naval warships in the Gulf of Tonkin? Were these attacks provoked by the Johnson administration, in order to Justify a declaration of war? Was the subsequent U. S. retaliation Justified? McNamara attempts to answers these questions, based on his recollection of the events leading up to and after the Gulf of Tonkin resolution was passed. However, upon close examination of the facts and cross-referencing from other sources, it appears much of McNamaras account proves largely inaccurate, and lacks important detail. Essentially, McNamaras memoir can be seen as an attempt to admonish himself of the controversy. He removes himself from many of the important events, and gives the illusion that he was a mere observer of the nfortunate incidents that would lead to a declaration of war by President Johnson. Primarily his account is lacking in its accuracy of the intelligence gathered after the two Naval war ships Turner Joy and Maddox were attacked on August 2nd and 4th of 1964. Moreover, he fails to present an accurate picture of the case for the Tonkin Resolution that took place two days after the attack on August 6th. McNamara does recognize the importance of the alleged attacks surrounding the Gulf of Tonkin, as they would be the main motivation behind President Johnson resolution. The subsequent resolution would increase US military personnel in Vietnam, from 16,000 to 550,000 men. Thus, he appears to present in depth detail as to the probability these attacks actually occurred. He states In Retrospect, The evidence of the first attack is indisputable. The second attack seems probable but not certain. l While this may not seem like a statement that a man attempting to clear his name would make, the evidence he uses to Justify his thoughts would prove inaccurate. Many historians today do acknowledge that the August 2nd attack did occur, with McNamara obtaining an enemy shell fragment from the ship as proof. However, numerous studies and research as recent as 2005, have proven that the second attack on August 4th did not take place. In the events leading up to the second alleged attack, McNamara d iscusses CIA covert guerilla operations that took place in conjunction with South Vietnamese forces, know as the 34A operations. In addition, the US naw was conducting a system of global electronic reconnaissance, that collected radio and radar signals, emanating from the shore-based stations on the periphery of Communist countries such as the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, and, North Vietnam. 2 These operations were known as DESOTO missions. McNamara states that Although some individuals knew of both 34A operations and DESOTO patrols, few senior officials planned or followed in detail the operational schedules of both. 3 This statement concerning the overall cooperation between the two operations does prove accurate in other accounts. However, McNamaras statement tnat Desoto patrols OITTerea suostantlally in purpose and procedure from 34A operations4 can actually be seen as incorrect. A top secret document declassified in 2005, in one instance gave orders to a DESOTO atrol to Locate and identify all coastal radar transmitters, note all navigation aids along the DVRs [Democratic Republic of Vietnams] coastline, and monitor the Vietnamese Junk fleet for a possible connection to DRVNiet Cong maritime supply and infiltration routes. 5 This mission was essentially planned to gather information that would be useful to 34A raid operations in the vicinity of DESOTO patrols. In addition, McNamara writes that while some believed 34A operations had played a part in the initiating North Vietnamese actions against the Maddox and Turner Joy, nd others(including McNamara), pointing to 34As ineffectiveness found the explanation hard to accept. 6 At the congressional hearing that took place on August 6th 1964, McNamara again downp lays the role of the 34A missions, saying they were a worthless pinprick to the North Vietnamese. Yet, McNamara ignores that tension had in fact been increasing between the DRV and the South Vietnamese 34A operations. In one example on July 28th, after a 34A attack on the Island of Hon Grio, DRV patrol boats chased the South Vietnamese operatives over 45 nautical miles before giving up the chase. Nonetheless, declassified audiotapes from the Johnson library in 2005 contain a very intriguing statement made by McNamara. In the morning after the August 2nd attack, McNamara admits to the president that attack and the 34A operation were in fact connected. He states, We probably shot up a radar station and a few other miscellaneous buildings. And following 24 hours after that with this destroyer in the same area undoubtedly led them to connect the two events. 9 Not only does McNamara use misleading information regarding the 34A and DESOTO operations, but he also leaves out crucial detail from the intelligence that as gathered that day. McNamara does show that there was a great sense of doubt as to whether the August 4th attack occurred, using testimony from the officers on board the two ships that day, as well as from pilots that flew over the ships. McNamara describes how unusual weather conditions, and overeager sonar men, may have played a significant role in the accuracy of the alleged attacks. Yet, he doesnt disclose that there was in fact, faulty equipment on both ships. In an article written by an NSA analyst entitled Skunks, Bogues, and Flying Fish: The Gulf of Tonkin Mystery, Captain John J. Herrick of the Maddox, had reported that the Maddoxs long range, air search radar was inoperative, and fire control radar belonging to the U. S. S. Turner Joy was out of malfunctioning as well. 0 Even in Herricks initial account of the August 4th attack, he reported two skunks(surface contacts) and three bogies(air contacts). Moments later, he would disregard these findings as terrain returns, proving further the faulty equipment both ship had. 11 Moreover, McNamara leaves out the clear difference in the sonar reports from the August 2nd and August 4th attacks. As reports show, the radar from both the Maddox and Turner Joy on August 4th were not continuous trackings, but mostly unexpected flash returns that appeared for a few seconds on radar and disappeared12. On the August 2nd attack Vietnamese PT boats would take several hits but remain afloat and visible on the radar while on the night of August 4th, A target would apparently be nlt ana tnen Olsappear, as IT It naa completely ana Instantaneously Inclneratea In an explosion. 13 The reader may ask, Out of all the faulty evidence why did Robert McNamara still confirm that the August 4th attack? In Retrospect, McNamara amously stated in response to a report of the August 4th attack, We obviously dont want to do it (launch the retaliatory strike) until we are damn sure what happened. 14Basically, McNamara tries to persuade the reader that he had actually looked at all the intelligence gathered from that day and found substantial evidence that would make it appear the August 4th attack occurred. McNamara provides what he believes to be the five main factors that had persuaded him. Out of all these factors the most important was his claim that the U. S. had intercepted and translated a North V ietnamese message indicating two of its boats had been sunk. This piece of alleged evidence was so important that at the congressional hearing that took place on August 6th McNamara stated that he had unimpeachable proof of four North Vietnamese radio messages that showed clear intention to attack U. S. destroyers on the night of August 4th. 15. Surprisingly, McNamara leaves this statement out of Retrospect, and only states that the messages would later prove to be from the August 2nd attacks. Alarming evidence released by NSA historians would prove that not only was Robert McNamara wrong in his previous statement he knew he was, and overed up crucial information in order to protect himself. Out of all the intercepted messages from the North Vietnamese only 15 of the 122 were used. It is believed that over 90% of these messages were kept out of reports because of the conflicting accounts of the August 4th events they told. 16 Additionally, most of messages that were sent contained severe analytic errors, unexplained translation changes, and the conjunction of two messages in one. 17 In one example analytic error, an intercepted message contained the Vietnamese phrase Hanh Quan which can mean military operation. The phrase has an alternative meaning however of forced or long march or movement. In a nautical context, this could simply refer to a long voyage. This second context would make more sense when it was learned in another message, that the North Vietnamese had actually been preoccupied with a salvage mission, in which they were searching for the two sunken boats from August 2nds battle. 18 The congressional hearing that would follow on August 6th 1964, would create even more confusion. McNamara emphasizes that at the time of the hearing, he truly believed all of his statements were accurate. But the information Just presented holds a strong case for the lack of merit in his writing. Its as if McNamara held no control over the events that took place and is an innocent observer. In the non-fiction book Why the Senate Slept, author Ezra Siff presents a different picture of the events. The hearing that took place on August 6th, was a Joint executive session of Senate Foreign Relations and Armed services forces committees to testify to on both the events that took place on August 2nd and August 2nd and 4 and in support of the resolution presented before both houses. Siff makes the point that it was completely irresponsible to hold a hearing of only three hours on a complex series of events that took place over two days; Most of the senators werent even remotely familiar with what was going on at the time19 McNamara asserts that the key issue was the ambiguous language of the Constitution, which established the president as commander in chief but gave Congress the power to declare war. 20 Senator HulDrlgnt wno pres10ea over tne nearing ana oversaw tne resolutlon on tne senate floor, would later absolve McNamara of the charge of intentionally misleading Congress. As a result, I believe that because of Senator Fulbrights gracious actions towards McNamara, he doesnt mention the contradicting responses Fulbright gives to those senators that asked questions about the power of the resolution. In one instance Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Md) asked is there anything in the resolution which would authorize or recommend or approve the landing of large Americ an armies in Vietnam? Fulbright gives a contradictory response in which he states There is nothing in the resolution, as I read it, that contemplates it. However, the language of the resolution doesnt prevent it. In another instance, Senator Jack Miller (R-lw) attempted to understand the phrase in the resolution that stated Congress approves and supports the determination of the President to prevent further aggression. He then inquired as to who they would be preventing aggression from; Aggression against the U. S.? Or Aggression against the South Vietnamese. Senator Fulbright simply replied with l believe that both are included in that phrase. 23 It is evident from these responses that all Fulbright really did was cloud issue with his response to the senators questions. Even though the many in Congress were apprehensive of the resolution, it still passed almost unanimously, with only two senators voting against the resolution. The question still remains however, why did it pass? McNamara in some sense does give an accurate answer when referring to the ambiguous language of both the constitution and the resolution itself. But, he still doesnt analyze some of the other key factors such as the role of Senator Fulbright in the hearings. It was his assurance that This resolution doesnt mean a thing. Lyndon wants this to show he can be decisive and firm with the ommunists, too, that would help persuade congress. Congress understood the breadth of the resolutions power but they didnt for see that it would be an authorization for the escalation of war. 24 Likewise, McNamara doesnt take into account the reaction the general public would have if the committee voted the no on the resolution. McNamara doesnt include in his memoir President Johnsons radio and television appearance shortly after the second attack, in which he informed the public of two unprovoked attacks on US naval vessels in the Tonkin Gulf. Its obvious hat any member of congress that wanted to continue their career in politics could not vote no to a resolution in response to two unprovoked attacks. They would be viewed as completely unpatriotic during a time of national crisis. To put it plainly, congress didnt really have a choice in the matter. Unfortunately, the Tonkin resolution would commit over half a million US military forces to Vietnam with a death toll that would reach over 58,000 Americans. Subsequently, many Americans immediately put the blame on Robert McNamara and the Johnson Administration. Whether they are deserving of it, the question still remains. Robert McNamara attempts to bring clarity to the events surrounding the Golf of Tonkin in his memoir In Retrospect, but it unfortunately is an inadvertent attempt to clear his name. Because of this attempt to admonish himself, McNamara leaves out important detail specifically involving intelligence gathered after the second attack that took place on August 4th, as well as important dialogue that occurred during the congressional hearings on August 6th. In Retrospect, is a primary account, but unfortunately it uses evidence tnat present a very lopslaea picture 0T a man wno tries to excuse s policy that spun out of control. 25 Bibliography tne events Hanyok, Robert J. Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and Flying Fish: The Gulf of Tonkin Mystery, 2-4 August 1964, Cryptologic Quarterly, (2005): 10 -Presented key facts about intelligence and encrypted messages from August 2nd and 4th McNamara, Robert S. In Retrospect, New York: Times Books, (1995), 128 -My primary source account, as told by Robert McNamara Nathan, James A. Robert McNamaras Vietnam deception. USA Today Magazine 124, no. 2604 (September 1995): 32. MasterFlLE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 8, 2013). Provided me with key dialogue from McNamara that was not in the book, specifically information pertaining to the 34A missions Paterson, Pat. The Truth About Tonkin. Naval History 22, no. 1 (February 2008): 52. MasterFlLE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 8, 2013). -Similar to McNamaras deception, provides key info about the actual attacks of August 2nd and 4th Karen, Schwindt. The Obligation for Patriotism: Why Congress Passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. (n. d. ): OAlster, EBSCOhost (accessed April 8, 2013). -Looked closely at events surrounding the congressional hearing, gave important dialogue on senator Fulbright -The Foreword, was written by the most decorated officer from Vietnam, wno severely crltlclz ea McNamara SiffY. Ezra. Why the senate slept : the Gulf of Tonkin resolution and the beginning of Americas Vietnam war / Ezra Y. Siff ; foreword by Lt. Col. Anthony B. Herbert. n. p. : Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 1999. , 1999. ShaRC MIC Consortium Shared Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed April 8, 2013). 20. -Also looked at events leading up to and after the August 6th congressional hearing -Looked at different theories of why congress passed the resolution

Analysis of Saudi Arabia Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analysis of Saudi Arabia Press - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of Saudi Arabia Press" talks about the main functions of print media in Saudi Arabia and how the government controls it after the events occurring in Bahrain. The Saudi press remained controlled, applying no pressure on to the state authorities in relation to their handling of the Bahraini events and abstaining from the criticism of other governments. The Saudi government desired to be viewed as central to the social structure whereas the Saudi print media was to serve as a gatekeeper of what the Saudi people should think about. Then, it may be hypothesized that the function of the system of print media in Saudi Arabia was in accordance with the authoritarian press model, by which the press is considered as "a servant of the state and it is responsible for a larger part of its content to the power figures who are in charge of the government at any particular time". Indeed, if this model is applicable to the Saudi print media then the hypotheses given below would b e likely to hold true: H1 a: The developments in the field of politics and military/defense in Bahrain would be extremely newsworthy. H1 b: The type of news, for the political and military developments in the Bahraini conflict, would be largely domestic. H1 c: The tone of the news, for the political and military developments in the Bahraini conflict, would usually be positive. H2: The individual newspapers would offer similar levels of coverage to the different themes that have been presented by the news items.

The Third Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Third Cinema - Essay Example The Third Cinema It was a reaction against making films the objects of commerce than art. It was a reaction to big commercial internationalism influencing the national cinemas. It was a movement against the cultural and political hegemony of the American commercial cinema over the subjugated under developed economies. Historically it was the continuation of a resistance to the dominance of the Hollywood’s commercialization of cinema and its duplication of products called national cinema in underdeveloped countries. Cinema is an art that developed from man’s incorrigible wish to record the movement and the moving objects, as it was the moving objects that interested him and not static ones. So the first film show, the Lumier Show was just a shot of a train coming into the railway platform. The viewers were not sure whether what they were seeing on the screen was real or myth. They were afraid that the train would come forward towards them and hence many were reported to have sat back on their chairs scared. This make-belief quality is the charm of cinema. On one side cinema is documenting reality, the reality of the train coming to the platform, here in the Lumier show. On the other hand cinema is making the viewer believe that the train coming towards him is real, making the unreal look real. These two qualities of Cinema led to the division of cinema into documentaries and feature films. (According to Ingmar Bergman â€Å"When film is not a document it is a dream†Ã¢â‚¬â€The Magic Lantern Page73).

Position on the conroversial subject of poverty Essay

Position on the conroversial subject of poverty - Essay Example When a person lives in poverty he often does not have enough money to provide himself and his family with the basic human needs which include food, shelter, and medicine. The biggest victims of the poverty dilemma are children. Children are innocent by standards that are suffering. In a lot of countries across the world adults are exploiting children by forcing them to work. There are nearly 250 million children who are child laborers. The United States is not exempt from the war against poverty. There are nearly 44 million children on food stamps in the United States which accounts for 21% of the children population of the nation (Snyder, 2011). The high cost of living in the United States is one of the reasons a lot children and adults are living in poverty. The continents that are suffering the most from poverty are Africa and Asia. The overpopulation in Asia is one the reasons that this ethnic group is suffering so much from poverty. The root of the poverty problem is income disc repancy. The poorest 40 percent of the world’s population accounts for 5 percent of global income, while the richest 20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income (Globalissues, 2013). Something has to be done in order to create a better balance of the global wealth. Another major issue associated with poverty is that the governments across the world do not have sufficient resources to help their citizens. The majority of the global wealth is in the hands of corporations. Approximately 40% of the global wealth is owned by a tightly-knit cluster of 147 entities (Doctorow, 2011). These companies along with the other millions of businesses across the world have to become more proactive in the fight against poverty. The United Nations has to step in and impose solutions that will effectively change the course of history in order to eradicate poverty forever. A potential solution that the U.N. can implement is to create a special tax with the purpose of using that money s olely to provide financial aid to poor people in need. The tax would be imposed on corporations whose annual net income surpasses $1 million per year. Corporations that move millions of dollars can afford to pay that special tax without hurting the financial performance of the firm or adversely affecting its shareholders. The special tax to be imposed by the U.N should be 2.5% of net income. There has to be a better coordinated effort in order to fight poverty worldwide. A lot of nonprofit organizations such as Feed the Children are doing a wonderful job of fighting hunger and poverty worldwide. A group of consortiums must be establish in which the leaders of non-profit organizations in different countries meet at least once a month in order to discuss the efforts of each entity so that better coordination can be establish by these entities. Every citizen in the world must become more actively involved in this tough battle. Donating $10 a month by people that are part of the middle class would make a huge difference in the lives of poor people. The fight against poverty is an issue that affects everyone. Any person that is working can fall on hard times if they lose their job and poverty can become a reality for them. Entrepreneurs must keep applying innovation in order to create new jobs that will help poor people get out of poverty. The proposed special 2.5% by the U.N. is a major tactic that would have a huge impact in helping eradicate

The effectiveness of urine on Cancer :: essays research papers

The Greek audience would have been familiar with the story told in Antigone and with the background of the characters. An understanding of Antigone's family and her father's fate helps to put the events of the play in context. Antigone is of the Labdacids, a great but star-crossed family. Her father was Oedipus. Oedipus was born of Laius and Jocasta, the rulers of Thebes, but his parents were warned in prophecy that the boy would grow up to murder his father and marry his mother. A herdsman was charged with killing the child, but out of pity he gave the boy to another herdsman from a neighboring kingdom. This second herdsman gave the child to his own king and queen, who raised the child as their own. The child Oedipus never knew that his adoptive parents were not his biological parents. When a young man, Oedipus was warned by an oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother. He fled home, thinking he would be able to avoid this fate, embarking on a series of adventures th at resulted in the exact fulfillment of the prophecy. Along the way, he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, saving Thebes and becoming her king as well as Jocasta's new husband†¹but not before he killed, in a fit of uncontrolled anger, a stranger at a crossroads. The stranger, of course, was his true father, Laius. After Oedipus had been in power in Thebes for some time, a plague began to kill Theban citizens. An oracle informed the king that Thebes was being punished because Laius' murderer was dwelling among them. Oedipus, the great riddle-solver, set out to learn the culprit's identity. Finally, he learned that Laius was the man at the crossroads, and worse, that Jocasta and Laius were his true parents. Jocasta was able to put the pieces of the puzzle together some time before her husband-son, and in despair she hanged herself. Oedipus, on discovering her body, blinded himself with her broaches and left the city. He entrusted his daughters, Antigone and Ismene, to Creon's care. In the days preceding the start of the action of Antigone, Thebes has been torn by war. Many years have passed since Oedipus's reign, and war eventually broke out between Oedipus's two sons. During the conflict, the two brothers, Polyneices and Eteocles, fought against each other as leaders of the two different sides.

Activity theory Essay

Cognitive changes: There are several changes that occur with aging, one of which is cognitive slowing. The slowing that occurs in all cognitive tasks where speed of response is a component is considered the most pervasive cognitive change in developmental aging. The probable locus of slowing is in the central nervous system (Bob & McCallum, 1998). Pigment lipofuscin builds up in the brain during old age and it gradually results in brain degeneration. The aged brain weighs less, the lateral ventricles tend to be dilated, and the ribbon of cortical tissue is narrowed (Hurlock, 1986). Such degeneration is held accountable for a decline in the brain’s capacity to function. But the average person’s intelligence is not likely to be seriously impaired before age 70 or 75 (Peterson, 1989). With good physical and mental health, adequate educational levels, and intellectual stimulation, it appears that there is not as a great decline in intellectual abilities with age as previously thought, especially in the 60 to 75 age group. Emotional changes: Emotional changes over the adult life span are a topic of considerable importance for psychotherapists working with older adults. At the psychological level, the older adults are more difficult to arouse but also have more difficulty returning to a state of calm once aroused (Woodruff, 1985). The accumulation of experiences leads to more complex and less extreme emotional experiences in later life. A review of research, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with older adults, noted that older adults were lower on scales associated with anger, impulsivity, and confusion and argued that people may become less impulsive with maturity (Gynther, 1979, in Bob & McCallum, 1998). It was concluded that as a whole, emotionality in older adults may be both more complex and subtler than that of younger adults. Theories on Aging Attempts to understand and explain the lives and activities of those who appear to age successfully have led to the different formation of theories on aging. There are fourmain theories: (a) Disengagement theory: It is based on the notion that as people age they progressively withdraw from social, physical, and emotional interaction with the world. As they gradually disengage themselves, the society too withdraws from its engagement with the aging person (b) Activity theory: It stresses that older people should remain active as long as they possibly can. When certain activities and associations must be given up (for example, employment), substitutes should be found because life satisfaction is highly dependent upon continued social, emotional, and physical involvement. In a positive environment older people generally moved toward activity and informal contacts, rather than disengagement (Butler, Lewis & Sunderland, 1998). (c) Socioenvironmental theory: This approach is based on the understanding that people respond to the social meaning of events. Two factors that affect the meaning old people place on events-and thus their interaction patterns-are the physical proximity of other persons and the age homogeneity of an environment (Gubrium, 1973, 1975, cited in Butler et al. , 1973). (d) Developmental theory: Erickson (1963) and Peck (1997) present a theory that describes human development in terms of progression through a series of stages. Old age is a stage of life in which the individual must try to balance the search for ego integrity with a sense of despair. Out of this conflict emerges wisdom the human virtue most commonly associated with old age. The negative emotions associated with this stage, are in part a result of the limitations of a person’s physical and psychological energy (Butler, Lewis, & Sunderland, 1991). (e) Biological or medical perspective. Moberg (2002) further elaborates this physical and psychological decline and it’s effect on the elderly. Highlighting aging from the biological/medical perspective of physical decline along with losses of friends, employment, mobility, income, and so forth, has contributed to a pervasive negativism among biosocial scientists that is evident in their different way of talking to (hardly with) elderly persons, avoidance of touching seniors, and other indications of ageism. Opportunities for service are withdrawn from many who are retired, even in churches that use the Bible with its high value for elders, so ‘disengagement theory’ becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Time spent in solitude and meditation can be wholesome, contrary to assumptions of ‘Activity theory’ that lonely outer activities are worthwhile, for being alone is not the same as being lonely!

Essay on Nineteenth Century Education in Jane Eyre

Nineteenth Century Education in Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte was born in Yorkshire in 1816. She spent most of her life in Haworth, a bleak Yorkshire village where her father was curate. In 1821 her mother died, so she, her four sisters, Elizabeth, Anne, Maria and Emily and her brother Branwell were sent to live with their Aunt, Elizabeth Branwell. In 1824 Charlotte was sent with Elizabeth, Maria and Emily to a school for daughters of the clergy. While at school two of her sisters died of typhus, this is where she got her inspiration for Lowood. After Charlotte left this school she went to Miss Woolers School and returned home as a teacher. She also became a governess, as this was a†¦show more content†¦In 1870 a place was provided for every child in school, but school was still not compulsory. In 1880 the Mundella Act was passed, making it law that every child had to go to school. In 1891 education was made free for all. In the novel ‘Jane Eyre’ there are three types of education described. They are Lowood, the governess system and a Village School. These are all based on Charlottes personal recolections. Jane Eyre was sent to Lowood at the age of 10. The Lowood timetable was very strict; the girls were controlled by the use of bells. There were 80 girls in total; they all wore the strict uniform, ‘brown stuff frocks and long holland pinafores.’ The girls ranged from the age of 9-20. There were monitors that were like the prefects in that they collected the lesson books and gave out the supper trays and they did other general tasks. Lowood was a very religious school and prayers were very important to them, they were said in the morning for an hour, in the evening before dinner. School dinners and suppers were not very nice, even the teachers were surprised at what the girls were made to eat. The girls slept in dormitories, when the bell went for getting up time the room was very cold, the girls got up and washed in cold water. There were 6 girls to a washbasin, the bell rang again and the girls descended down the stairs inShow MoreRelated Jane Eyre and Education in Ni neteenth-century England Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre and Education in Nineteenth-century England Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Janes life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Brontes own life. Janes time at Lowood corresponds to Charlottes education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824. Jane wentRead MoreEssay on A Womans World in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «1145 Words   |  5 Pageswho lived and wrote during the beginning of the nineteenth century. 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