CHAPTER 32 Essays - United States, Government, Bush Family

CHAPTER 32 Essays - United States, Government, Bush Family CHAPTER 32 A TIME OF HOPE AND FEAR, 1993 - 2014 Chapter Outline I.The Politics of Polarization, 1993-2008 A.A New Democrat B.The Investigation and Trial of a President C.The Long Election and Trials of 2000 D.A Conservative Washington, 2001-2008 E.Politics and Social-Cultural Issues II.Foreign Policies of Hope and Terror: 1993-2008 A.Clinton's Internationalist Agenda B.Globalization C.Protecting the Planet D.September 11, 2001, and the Bush Doctrine E.Unilateralism and the Iraq War F.National Security and Presidential Power G.Divisions over Foreign Policy Direction III.An Economy of Bubble and Bust, 1993-2008 A.Deregulation of the Financial Sector during the 1990s B.Economics for a New Century, 2000-2006 C.The Bubble Bursts, 2006-2008 D.The Election of 2008 IV.Changing Times, 2009- A.Political Polarization B.The Digital Domain of Liberty, Equality, Power C.The Election of 2012 D.Contentious Times Chronology 1993Congress approves North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994Republicans gain control of Congress; O.J. Simpson saga begins 1996Congress overhauls national welfare system; Clinton reelected president; Fox News debuts 1997Congress and White House agree on deficit reduction plan 1998House of Representatives impeaches Clinton 1999Senate Trial ends with Clinton's acquittal 2000Bush v. Gore decision clears way for George W. Bush to become president 2001Congress passes Bush tax cut; Terrorists from al-Qaeda destroy World Trade Center and attack Pentagon; Congress passes Patriot Act; U.S. forces invade Afghanistan 2002National Security Strategy of 2002 reasserts the Bush Doctrine 2003Bush secures another tax cut; United States invades Iraq to topple Saddam Hussein government 2004Bush defeats Kerry in presidential race; Facebook debuts at Harvard 2005Hurricane Katrina hits Gulf Coast; YouTube goes online; Insurgency in Iraq continues as permanent Iraqi government debuts 2006Democrats gain control of Congress; Housing "bubble" reaches its peak 2007New U.S. strategy adopted in Iraq; Housing "bubble" bursts 2008Bush administration and Federal Reserve Board respond to financial meltdown; Great Recession, worst since 1930s, begins; Barack Obama wins presidential race 2009Obama administration passes economic stimulus plan; United States devotes more resources to war in Afghanistan while withdrawing from Iraq 2010Republicans surge at national, state and local levels in elections of 2010 2011A White House-ordered, CIA-directed raid into Pakistan by U.S. Navy SEALs kills Osama bin Laden in early May 2012Facebook begins offering stock shares to the public; Barack Obama reelected president 2014Midterm elections Lecture Outline 1.Finding a consensus to govern was difficult 1993-2008 because legislative moderates, Democrats and especially Republicans, had a hard time remaining in office as the politics of polarization came to the dominate the federal agenda. a.Bill Clinton's "new Democrat" rhetoric and adroit political maneuvering helped him become the first two-term Democrat president, 1992-2001, since Franklin D. Roosevelt. b.The triumph of Clinton's reelection in 1996 was tempered by his impeachment two years later because of his denial of a sexual tryst with a White House intern. In the end, the investigation and trial of a president failed to obtain a conviction on any count. c.The long election of 2000 was mired in controversy and trials. Although Gore won the popular vote, Bush officially won the election weeks later after the U.S. Supreme Court resolved disputed Florida's electoral votes in his favor. d.George W. Bush quickly established a conservative Washington, 2001-2008, with an ambitious agenda of tax cuts, support for fossil fuels, new testing standards in public education, and a new drug plan for Medicare. e.There was little common ground in politics on many social-cultural issues including hot button topics of immigration and gay marriage. 2.Foreign policy, 1993-2008, changed course from hope in the post-Cold War Clinton years, to terror in the Bush administration following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on New York's World Trade Center, Washington, D. C., and Pennsylvania. a.Clinton's internationalist agenda saw him employ U.S. forces under the United Nations in Somalia and NATO in Yugoslavia. Critics said he lacked a clear vision for using force while defenders argued he was flexible and engaged with multinational support. b.Clinton fulfilled a principal goal of lowering trade barriers and expanding globalization of markets, most prominently with NAFTA. c.Clinton's efforts at protecting the planet produced a broad expansion of protected land and recognition that the United States, despite its many regulations, was one of the world's leading polluters. d. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 resulted in the creation of the Bush Doctrine in which the United States claimed unilateral authority to wage preemptive war. e.The unilateralism of the Bush Doctrine was employed against Iraq because Bush claimed that country presented