Crimes of the Heart: A Case Study on Cardiac Anatomy Essay

Tiffany is stressed over her infant child. Since the time she brought Caleb home from the medical clinic it has been so difficult to get him to eat and he is by all accounts breathing too hard constantly. At his one month registration, the attendant discloses to her that Caleb has just increased one pound since he was conceived and Tiffany breaks into tears. Dr. Bread cook looks at Caleb in the test room, taking additional time feeling and tuning in to his chest. After the test Dr. Dough puncher says, â€Å"When I tune in to Caleb’s heart I hear an additional sound called a mumble. I need to utilize an echocardiogram and an ECG to get a decent image of the considerable number of parts of his heart.† Following an entire day of tests, Tiffany meets with Dr. Pastry specialist in his office. He clarifies, â€Å"After a cautious audit of all the data, I have found that Caleb has an opening in the heart muscle divider between his privilege and left ventricles. We consider it a ventricular septal deformity. That is most likely why he has been so touchy and difficult to take care of. The gap isn't large, yet he will in any case need to have medical procedure to fix it.† Although the idea of her little child having medical procedure is frightening, Tiffany is mitigated to know why things have been so intense at home. Short Answer Questions: 1. Caleb has anomalous heart sounds that warned the specialist to an issue. a. Name the typical hints of the heart and demonstrate what causes these sounds. The two significant sounds that are heard in a typical heart beat sound like â€Å"lub dub†. The â€Å"lub† is the main heart sound, ordinarily named S1, and is brought about by disturbance brought about by the conclusion of mitral and tricuspid valves toward the beginning of systole. The subsequent sound, â€Å"dub† or S2, is brought about by the conclusion of aortic and pulmonic valves, denoting the finish of systole. (STETHOGRAPHICS.COM) b. Comparable to the typical heart sounds, when might you hope to hear the strange sound Dr. Bread cook heard? Clarify your answer. At the point when a valve is stenotic or harmed, the strange tempestuous progression of blood creates a murmurâ which can be heard during the typically tranquil occasions of systole or diastole. (MED.UCLA.EDU). Corresponding to the systole and the diastole a mumble can be distinguished between the peaceful occasions between the two. Ordinarily, a mumble is a blowing, whooshing, or grating sound heard during a heartbeat. (NIH.GOV)That is the thing that Dr.Baker likely heard while doing the assessment. 2. The deformity in Caleb’s heart permits blood to blend between the two ventricular chambers. Because of this imperfection would you anticipate that the blood should move from left-to-right ventricle or option to-left ventricle during systole? Clarify your answer dependent on pulse and obstruction in the heart and extraordinary vessels. It goes left to directly during systole. The thing that matters is typically, oxygen-poor (nobility) comes back to the correct chamber from the body, goes to the correct ventricle, and afterward is siphoned into the lungs where it gets oxygen. Oxygen-rich (red) blood comes back to one side chamber from the lungs, goes into the left ventricle, and afterward is siphoned out to the body through the aorta. Be that as it may, when a newborn child has ventricular septal deformity it despite everything permits oxygen-rich (red) blood to go from the left ventricle, through the opening in the septum, and afterward blend in with oxygen-poor (nobility) in the correct ventricle. (ROCHESTER.EDU) yet rather when systole happens the blood gets blended in view of the septum in this manner heart needs to siphon more earnestly to guarantee that enough blood with oxygen arrives at the body. 3. At the point when an echocardiogram is played out, the specialist shading codes oxygenated dark red and deoxygenated blood (blue). a. In a sound infant, what shading would the blood be inside the privilege and left ventricles, individually? Right ventricle: deoxygenated (blue), Left ventricle: oxygenated (red) b. In Caleb’s heart, what shading would the blood be inside the privilege and left ventricles, individually? Left ventricle: oxygenated (red). Right ventricle: will have blended blood so it will be red and blue on the grounds that the opening between the two ventricles has an impact like an association between the atria: When the more impressive left ventricle beats, it discharges blood into the correct ventricle and pneumonic circuit. (A&P book pg. 677) 4. What happens to Caleb’s fundamental cardiovascular yield because of hisâ ventricular septal deformity (VSD)? Clarify your answer. Caleb will create lower cardiovascular yield in light of the fact that a left-to-right shunt at the ventricular level lessens LV yield by the measure of the shunt in view of this the body’s compensatory components will increment intravascular volume on account of this brought down heart yield until LV end-diastolic volume is adequate to siphon both a typical heart yield and the proportionate left-to-right shunt. (AHAJOURNALS.ORG) 5. In view of the area of Caleb’s imperfection, what part of the conduction framework may be in danger for anomalies? Well since Caleb has an opening in his heart muscle divider these pieces of the conduction framework may be in danger for variations from the norm the SA hub, AV hub, heap of His, group branches, and Purkinje filaments. (NIH.GOV 2) WORKS CITED STETHOGRAPHICS.COM http://www.stethographics.com/fundamental/physiology_hs_introduction.html MED.UCLA.EDU https://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/Physiology.htm NIH.GOV http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003266.htm A&P book pg. 677 ROCHESTER.EDU http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/reference book/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01829 NIH.GOV 2 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000021.htm AHAJOURNALS.ORG

Nevada History Free Essays

Since ages I have been immovably stood and confirm a few periods of history and have witnessedâ â â â â â â â â various baffling and peculiar stages that are as yet unrevealed. I am colossal, elegant and notable Battle Mountain. My country is Nevada, which is a province of USA and is arranged in its West. We will compose a custom article test on Nevada History or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now It’s encompassed by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. In spite of the fact that it is bigger than these states however has lesser populace. Be that as it may, it has consistently been a state of fascination for the guests in light of the delightful spots like me, the incomparable Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which implies â€Å"snow clad†. Much about primitive Nevada stays dubious however there is indication of human disturbance in the region for in any event 12,000 years. Just about 30 thousand years back, Nevada was going through the Ice Age alongside the remainder of the west. This was the point at which I used to be secured with ice and my valleys were brimming with ice sheets. Steadily, with the dissolving of ice over the span of hundreds of years the mountains crawled further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I continued watching when the entirety of this water held the district that is presently a desert encased with rich estate. In this underlying metamorphous period some well known ice age creatures appeared, for example, musk bull, caribou and the mammoth. With the steady liquefying of ice the temperature started to rise and well evolved creatures moved northwards looking for new meadows. The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi implies â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remaining parts like bones and so on have been found at this point aside from a couple of creature workmanship works.  The archeologists and geologists have speculated that these antiquated individuals may have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The following Nevadan development is alluded to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made bushels are the main proof of them rather than any pots or work of art. Utilization of lances, sticks and darts is apparent yet no bolts and withdraws from. They existed close to 1500B. C.  Several hundreds years after the fact the principal white individuals came around with the bows and bolts. In a similar time in south the bin producers began to develop maize and Indian corn and they additionally started to utilize the bolts and bows. Sometime later they figured out how to make earthenware and with these proceeded with offices they step by step continued towards human progress. Their homes were burrowed outs or pits. (Rusco 1975) The Lost City: After another scene of 500 years the Pueblo Indians showed up at Moapa Valley area, from northern Arizona. They brought the better private procedures as well as began the horticulture of squashes, cotton and beans.  The Pueblo mixed with the Basket Makers, yet it’s unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a quiet join.â a definitive result was, anyway the arrangement of â€Å"Pueblo Grande de Nevada† or the eminent Lost City. At its peak, the Lost City reached out for a few miles.  It involved horticultural fields and human settlements dissipated everywhere throughout the valley. It included homestead lands, distant little homes and towns dispersed through the valley for a significant distance. (Rusco 1975) The first Whiteman: As, I follow back my memory Nevada was the last locale of the coterminous United States to be found. The historical backdrop of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, however, not American came to there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a quick advancement began occurring. (Glass 1981) During that year, Franciscan ministers may have into the most remote southern part while looking for a course to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further experience was started following fifty years, by British and American hide shippers and trappers. The fearless broker Peter Skene Ogden, who had a place with Hudson’s Bay Company, went over the current northern limit of the state in 1820. Ogden found the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second investigating trip. Around simultaneously, in 1826, the American explorer and dealer Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a walk to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, progressed by method of mid Nevada, and returned to the Great Salt Lake area. Jeddediah Smith is known as the primary American in the area. A gathering of trappers, under the order of Joseph Walker headed out to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson waterways. Following 10 years he coordinated wayfarers over nearly the comparative way, setting up a decent component of the track utilized by crude visitors on their approach to California. After the disclosure of gold in California in 1848, a few voyagers went across Nevada on their bearing to the Pacific Coast. In the meantime, as a result of his logical excursions during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont achieved a geographic discerning of the territory. In the wake of examining through the fruitless augmentations of Nevada for the amazing River Buenaventura, which should stream towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont expected this was a territory of inner seepage, and he announced Nevada to be segment of his notable â€Å"Great Basin.†(Stewart 1983) I additionally confirm the time of regional days and early statehood. The locale from which Nevada was formed was acquired from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I despite everything recollect the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the primary European American settlement was built up which was later named as Genoa. Nevada turned into an area of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were perceived as domains. In 1859 silver was found in Comstock Lode, which followed an extraordinary flood of individuals to Nevada. At that point it was pronounced as a different region in 1861. After just about three years when President Lincoln searched for the help of an abolitionist state, Nevada went to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is commended as Nevada’s birthday consistently. In the underlying long stretches of statehood mining end up being as an indispensable financial factor.â Cultivators and farmers drew in the lion's share accessible cultivating lands. The mining development started to lessen in l873. It was when silver’s costs began to fall as a result of being demonetized. Anyway overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Thus the state’s populace was decreased by just about 1/3 by the start of 1900. (Elliot 1987) Up till now Nevada has experienced noteworthy insurgencies and now it hits a high objective in US the travel industry. In excess of 50 million vacationers visit Nevada consistently delivering a magnificent measure of $ 40 billion for the travel industry returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005) Hundreds of years are passing consistently and me The Battle Mountain is as yet remained here to record the obscure further progression of human progress in my country, Nevada. References Elliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. second ed.â University of Neb. Press. Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevada’s Turbulent Fifties: Decade of Political and Economic Change. College of Nev. Press. Nevada Features Stories. Recovered April 3, 2008, from Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Great Time Coming? Dark Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Greenwood Press. Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. College of Neb. Press. Instructions to refer to Nevada History, Essay models Nevada History Free Essays Nevada History Up To 1900 Since ages I have been solidly stood and confirm a few periods of history and have witnessedâ â â â â â â â â various baffling and unusual stages that are as yet unrevealed. I am gigantic, effortless and notable Battle Mountain. My country is Nevada, which is a territory of USA and is arranged in its West. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nevada History or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now It’s encompassed by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Despite the fact that it is bigger than these states however has lesser populace. Be that as it may, it has consistently been a state of fascination for the guests on account of the excellent spots like me, the incomparable Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which implies â€Å"snow clad†. Much about antiquated Nevada stays dubious yet there is indication of human upheaval in the region for in any event 12,000 years. Right around 30 thousand years prior, Nevada was going through the Ice Age alongside the remainder of the west. This was the point at which I used to be secured with ice and my valleys were brimming with icy masses. Step by step, with the softening of ice over the span of hundreds of years the mountains crawled further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I continued watching when the entirety of this water held the locale that is presently a desert encased with copious manor. In this underlying metamorphous period some celebrated ice age creatures appeared, for example, musk bull, caribou and the mammoth. With the consistent dissolving of ice the temperature started to rise and well evolved creatures moved northwards looking for new meadows. The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi implies â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remaining parts like bones and so forth have been found at this point aside from a couple of creature craftsmanship works.  The archeologists and geologists have theorized that these antiquated individuals may have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The following Nevadan progress is alluded to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made bushels are the main proof of them rather than any pots or fine art. Utilization of lances, sticks and darts is apparent yet no bolts and retires from. They existed close to 1500B. C. A few hundreds years after the fact the main white individuals came around with the bows and bolts. I

Practicing for Your Med School Interview Conversation 101

Most applicants come away from their first med school interview saying, â€Å"that wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be.† As in many areas of life, the anticipation of a stressful event can be worse than the event itself. Although many med schools work hard to make applicants feels relaxed, this doesn’t mean you should show up unprepared. An interview can turn the tide for or against you. It gives the school a sense of how you will interact with patients, i.e. your potential bedside manner. If you make a good connection with your interviewer, they will often fight to get you into their incoming class. So how do you connect with someone you’ve never met before? How do you make them feel heard? Try this: Imagine you are a doctor, and the interviewers are patients coming to you for help. Your job is to listen closely, put them at ease, and share your thoughts based on what they are asking. Your job is not to give a speech, but rather to participate in a back and forth exchange of ideas. If your interviewers feels like they are being heard, they will imagine a patient would feel the same way. And that is ultimately what the interview is for to find out how you behave with someone who needs you to listen. Check out our mock interview services!   So here is your chance to practice. Here are some common medical school interview questions and a strategy to help you handle each one. Look at each of the questions below and write down a few ways you would answer it. â€Å"Tell me about yourself.†   (The open-ended question) This question is all about organization. You may be tempted to start at the beginning of your life and say, â€Å"I was born in †¦ grew up in †¦ went to school at†¦and then my family moved to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clearly, this answer will take quite a while to get to anything relevant. Interviewees who start this way often realize they are talking too much and stop before they get to anything important. To be more effective, your answer should have a theme. Some examples: †¢ I have always liked taking things apart. Ever since I was a kid, I’ve taken things apart and tried to figure out how they work. †¢ I love teaching and sharing ideas with others. I learn most when I’m listening to someone else asking me questions, because it makes me think more about what I know. †¢ I enjoy being active and eating healthy. This keeps me balanced and gives me a common area of interest with others who are interested in health. Being healthy involves so many areas of life. If you are having trouble thinking of an approach to this question, you can borrow an idea from any one of the ones above, especially if you find a topic that you want to share. Just be careful to finish within a few sentences. â€Å"What do you like to do for fun?†   (The let’s be friends question) This question sometimes stumps applicants, who feel they haven’t done anything fun since they started studying for the MCAT and writing essays a year ago! Try thinking of something that makes you sound like a normal person, such as walking the family dog, cooking for friends, talking to your grandparents on the phone, painting, reading, playing board games, or going camping, hiking, rock-climbing, etc. Whatever it is, smile while you talk about it, which shows that you know how to enjoy something. They don’t want students who are so high strung they can’t slow down and enjoy life. â€Å"How should we pay for health care in the U.S.?†   (The big picture question) Ah, the interrogation that stumped me as an interviewee. I went around in circles and finally dug myself into a pit of bad ideas. I thought about that interview many times, and eventually realized there was no right answer. After all, politicians and policy makers can’t figure it out, so how should you, a humble pre-med student, know the correct answer? The key is to show that you know a something about the debate, and have some ideas on how to approach it. Acknowledge that it is a difficult problem with many complex factors, then discuss a few of the pros and cons of one solution. Try not to come across as a know it all. Sometimes the best thing you can say is, â€Å"I wish I knew the answer.† Download your free copy of The Ultimate Guide to Interview Success! â€Å"Why do you want to come here?†Ã‚   (The â€Å"why us† question) Schools are forever asking, â€Å"does this applicant really want to be here?† If you have high stats and options in your home state, they may suspect you aren’t serious about their school, and they may be right. However, imagine it’s the only school you get accepted to. Would you want to go there? If so, figure out what is special and unique about their curriculum, then convince them you belong there. Don’t rattle off a list of things like a brochure. Pick one or two programs that genuinely interest you, and tell them why you would participate. In the end, you just might be lucky enough to go there. â€Å"Tell me about that grade in biochemistry.†Ã‚   (The explain yourself question) You got a C- in your sophomore year, and are hoping the rest of your record will overshadow it. Then your worst nightmare happens. An interviewer asks you to explain that class and why you got that grade. The story you have been telling yourself is that your professor barely spoke English, you were sick with mono, and your home team was in the World Series. Studying just wasn’t going to happen. But of course, you can’t say any of that! So how do you take responsibility and show them that you’ve learned from it, without making excuses or blaming others? The answer is to discuss your learning style and studying technique. Explain that before this course, you studied a certain way, but this grade was a turning point. You realized that you needed a new approach, and you incorporated your visual/auditory/kinesthetic learning style. You tried new study styles until you found a technique that worked for you. Most doctors have struggled with a class at some point, and everyone likes to think our success is due to our hard work and perseverance (which on some level, is true). Remind them of their own challenges and individual learning style, and they will tend to believe you. â€Å"Why not become a scientist, teacher, or nurse?†Ã‚   (The why medicine question) You think you answered this already in your application, so how do you relate it here, without repeating yourself? Think of a moment when you saw how medicine changed someone’s life. Tell them how you want to be a part of that moment. What is it about being a physician that appeals to you more than anything else? Be specific and avoid the uber-generic, â€Å"I want to help people,† which can lead you to being a nurse, a teacher, a scientist, or a thousand other helping professions. â€Å"What are your strengths?†   (The â€Å"why should we admit you† question) How to sound confident without appearing too self-important? And what are the â€Å"best† strengths to have? The important thing to remember here is that it’s not the specific strengths you choose, but how well you paint the picture of yourself using them. Start off by asking yourself what you like to do most in the world. Usually we enjoy doing things that allow us to use our strengths, because they are less taxing, and we are more apt to do well. If your favorite thing is watching movies with friends, then your strength might be analyzing concept and reading people. If your hobby is taking cars apart, then maybe your strength is mechanical dexterity. If your favorite thing is rock-climbing, then your strength might be staying calm under pressure. If you enjoy making art, your strength may be finding new ways to express an idea or concept. Everyone has more than one strength, so pick a few and see what sounds best. Don’t limit yourself to the standard academic s trengths, and you will find a richer and more convincing topic. â€Å"Tell me about a challenge and how you overcame it.†   (The adversity question) The key here is to come up with a challenge that you have truly overcome. Think of something you are proud to have accomplished, or found a way to resolve. Now think of what made it so difficult along the way. Describe in detail how you persevered when the going got tough. The difficulty in this question usually comes if you are contemplating an answer that lies at one of the two extremes. Either your challenge was so deep and personal that it’s too hard (or too soon) to write about it, or you can only think of run-of-the-mill challenges (a B+ in chemistry, for example), which seem too trivial to talk about. If the B+ in chemistry made you realize you needed to find a new study style or helped you understand how to cope with stress better, you can discuss that in more detail. If your deep personal challenge is still weighing heavily on you, don’t discuss it in the interview. Above all, stay away from romantic relationships. These conversations can make an interviewer fe el uncomfortable, which is not the impression you want to leave. â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 10 years?†   (The â€Å"future self† question) At this point, you probably haven’t thought much about life beyond your next interview, so how to fast-forward ten entire years? This question takes a bit of creative imagining. Use it as an opportunity to try out a few ideas, then test them before deciding how to answer. Imagine the mixture of your day. Would you enjoy working with patients for half a day, and teaching for the other half? If so, then you might be leaning towards academic medicine. Do you see yourself doing research 2-3 days and seeing patients the other days? Then clinical research might be a good direction. On the other hand, do you want to focus all your energy on patient care, enjoy playing detective, and want to see a wide variety of issues? If so, primary care may be the place for you. Remember, it is not important (or even wise) to decide on a specialty now. That’s what your clinical rotations are for. Just try to imagine the way you like to spend your day, and that should tell you what kind of p ractice you might enjoy. Smile while you talk about it, to show that you are looking forward to this new life, despite the long hours and years of work to get there. â€Å"Tell me about a time when you were on a team.†   (The working with others question) I call this the â€Å"Goldilocks and the three bears† question. There are three ways to answer it, but only one feels â€Å"just right.† You can answer it as a positive experience (everyone was great, we all got along), a negative experience (I had to do all the work myself, everyone else was lazy), or a learning experience (we had different ideas at the start, but then we compromised, and came to appreciate one another’s strengths). The all positive version sounds untruthful, the all negative version does not give you responsibility, while the combined approach is what they are looking for, or â€Å"just right.† Practice for your  interview with an admissions pro!   â€Å"What if an elderly woman’s family asks you to keep a diagnosis of terminal cancer from her?†   (The ethics question) This question is an opportunity for you to show that you can think on your feet. Remember that, in any ethical dilemma, there are pros and cons to each path, responsibilities and laws to keep in mind, and above all, your primary obligation is to your patient. If you are faced with an ethics question, the key is to explore the pros and cons of each decision point. First, discuss that you would want to get more information (why do they want to keep the diagnosis from her, does she have any underlying emotional or mental health issues?). Then, discuss your primary responsibility (doing the best thing for your patient). If you get to a point where you don’t know what to do next, remember that you can always ask for help. Say that you would consult with your hospital’s ethics committee, and if they are not available, you would consult with other physicians who have faced similar situations. There is often no right or wrong answer to an ethics question, so the best path invol ves exploring the options, with a spirit of enquiring and empathy for both sides. Now it’s time to practice. First, write down your answers to each of the above questions to get your thoughts organized. Once you feel comfortable with your answers, practice without using your notes. I know, I know, you’re a dedicated note taker. I am too. But an interview is not a speech or a script of rehearsed words. It is a conversation. And to be good at conversation, you need to practice doing it live. Do interviews with friends, in front of the mirror, an advisor, an Accepted consultant, or a little of each. Ask for feedback on your facial expressions, eye contact, how you responded to the question being asked, and whether the other person felt heard. A word of warning: There is no way to anticipate every question. When you are faced with a question or topic you have not practiced for, don’t panic. Use these three tips to keep yourself focused and calm: Listen. The biggest mistake interviewees (and doctors) make, is talking about a pre-rehearsed topic of your own interest, instead of listening and responding to the question being asked. This is what makes an interview more like improv than acting. If you rehearse only what you want to say (acting), you won’t be responding in the moment (improv). Improv actors don’t walk out on stage and hope for the best. They prepare by having other actors throw out suggestions. A practice or mock interview is the only way you can be ready for the real thing. Smile. Your interviewer may have read your application just a few minutes ago, in the middle of a busy, stress-filled day. They may be new at this too, and wonder if they are doing it right. If you seem to be enjoying the conversation, they are likely to rate YOU as being better at interpersonal communication. The best way to do this is a warm smile. Practice your smile on others and ask them for feedback on your facial expression. Be honest. Don’t exaggerate or pretend you know the answer to everything. Practice saying the words, â€Å"I don’t know,† or â€Å"I need to learn more about that.† Med schools don’t want students who think they know everything. They want people who are willing to admit when they don’t have all the answers, and then work hard to figure them out. The best way to feel confident going into your interview is to be absolutely sure you’ve taken the right steps to prepare.  A mock interview and feedback  from an Accepted admissions expert will  provide you with  personalized guidance and feedback and  help you put your best foot forward on interview day.  Contact us to get started! ; Dr. Suzi Schweikert has served on the UCSD School of Medicine’s admissions committee, and has mentored students in healthcare programs for over 20 years. She holds a BA in English Lit from UCLA, an MD from UCSD, and an MPH from SDSU.  Want Suzi to help you get accepted?  Click here to get in touch with Dr. Suzi Schweikert. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  The Ultimate Guide to Medical School Interview Success, a free guide †¢Ã‚  Do I Really Need a Mock Admissions Interview?, a short video †¢ What are Medical Schools Looking For?

Ionic Radius Trends in the Periodic Table

The ionic radius of the elements exhibits trends in the periodic table. In general: Ionic radius increases as you move from top to bottom on the periodic table.Ionic radius decreases as you move across the periodic table, from left to right. Although ionic radius and atomic radius do not mean exactly the same thing, the trend applies to the atomic radius as well as to the ionic radius. Key Takeaways: Ionic Radius Trend on Periodic Table The ionic radius is half the distance between atomic ions in a crystal lattice. To find the value, ions are treated as if they were hard spheres.The size of an elements ionic radius follows a predictable trend on the periodic table.As you move down a column or group, the ionic radius increases. This is because each row adds a new electron shell.Ionic radius decreases moving from left to right across a row or period. More protons are added, but the outer valence shell remains the same, so the positively charged nucleus draws in the electrons more tightly. But for the nonmetallic elements, the ionic radius increases because there are more electrons than protons.While the atomic radius follows a similar trend, ions may be larger or smaller than neutral atoms. Ionic Radius and Group Why does radius increase with higher atomic numbers in a group? As you move down a group in the periodic table, additional layers of electrons are being added, which naturally causes the ionic radius to increase as you move down the periodic table. Ionic Radius and Period It might seem counterintuitive that the size of an ion would decrease as you add more protons, neutrons, and electrons in a period, yet, theres an explanation for this. As you move across a row of the periodic table, the ionic radius decreases for metals forming cations, as the metals lose their outer electron orbitals. The ionic radius increases for nonmetals as the effective nuclear charge decreases due to the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons. Ionic Radius and Atomic Radius The ionic radius is different from the atomic radius of an element. Positive ions are smaller than their uncharged atoms. Negative ions are larger than their neutral atoms. Sources Pauling, L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, 1960.Wasastjerna, J. A. On the radii of ions.  Comm. Phys.-Math., Soc. Sci. Fenn.  vol. 1, no. 38, pp. 1–25, 1923.

Comparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples

Comparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in their childhood. Amazingly you will notice the all had similar backgrounds, but came up with completely different ways of looking at life. Comparison of Theories 3 Understanding Personality Personality is the unique, relatively†¦show more content†¦His father was moody and very irritable and wasn’t a strong figure in the household Comparisons in Theories 4 and one of nine clergymen in the family. Jung had one sister that was born when he was nine years old, which probably added to his loneliness. Jung spent most of his childhood alone in the attic. He felt cut off from the real world and escaped to his own reality of dreams and fantasies. His loneliness throughout his life showed greatly in his work on the inner self on the individual rather than experiences with other people. Carl Rogers Rogers was the fourth of six children in his family. His parents were very strict, religious, and domineering. He and his siblings were not allowed to â€Å"dance, play cards, attend movies, smoke, drink, or show any sexual interest† (Schultz Schultz, 1998, p. 310). There was a lot of competitiveness between them because Rogers felt that his parents showed favoritism towards his older brother. â€Å"Rogers described himself as shy, solitary, dreamy, and often lost in fantasy† (Schultz Schultz, 1998, p. 310). This loneliness like Jung reflected in his work. That feeling led him to depend on his own experiences and not those of others. B.F. Skinner Skinner was the older of two sons. His parents were very strict and hardworking. â€Å"I was taught to fear God, the police, and what people would think† (Schultz Schultz, 1998, p. 362). His grandmother reinforced the fear of Hell byShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy: a Personality Comparison with the Theories Od Rollo May and Albert Bandura2868 Words   |  12 PagesTed Bundy 2 Ted Bundy: A Personality Comparison With The Theories Of Rollo May and Albert Bandura The objective of this case study is to examine the personality of one of the most notorious serial killers in modern history, Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy was alleged to have humiliated, tortured and murdered at least 50 women. Possibility more, but the true number will never be known. 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Society recognizes the multiple types of crimes that exist in society because of this, theorists identify different levels why these crimes exist. This paper will provide information on sociological theory including the relationship between personality and criminal behavior according to sociological theory. AlsoRead MoreThe Breakfast Club : A Perfect Source For The Study Of Communication Theory1657 Words   |  7 PagesBreakfast Club† is a perfect source for the study of communication theory. It possesses the potential for numerous conversations regarding theories that even the most basic scholar of communication could discuss. For example, there are countless displays of symbolic convergence, symbolic interactionism, relational dialectics, cathartic scenes, identification, and social comparison. When viewing this movie it is hard to ignore these theories being put into practice. They constitute the framework of theRead MoreComparing Eysenck s Theory Of Personality And Costa And Mcrae s Five Factor Model1511 Words   |  7 Pages(1959) defines personality traits as being ‘any distinguishable, relatively enduring w ay in which one individual varies from another’. Subsequently, trait theory can be identified as an approach to the study of human personality. The aim of psychologists, specifically trait theorists, is to explain similarities and differences between individuals based on traits. Although numerous psychologists differ on the amount of traits that are significant, each theorist categorizes personality traits along several

Past Consideration - Concepts and Assurances Made Under Seal Deeds

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Past Consideration. Answer: Introduction: Consideration is the price paid in exchange of the promise as asked by the promisor. In many states price paid for the promise was not a essential constituent of a agreement and it would be more than sufficient if the parties have reached a binding agreement. It has been regarded that the past consideration paid would not be a good consideration. It must come into subsistence with or after the undertaking. Where the predetermined price predates the assurance made, then it would not be measured as a good consideration (Australian Contract Law, 2015). In the matter of Roscola v. Thomas the promise was not a obligatory on the parties because the only price which was offered for a guarantee was about the dependability of a horse. The same was inflowing into the unique agreement which has taken place before the guarantee was assured (Law Teacher, 2016). There have been certain exceptions which make a past consideration a good consideration if: The price was offered at the demand of the person who makes a promise; The parties appreciate that the action would be compensated; and The promise has happened in progress of the act it would have been enforceable. In the case of Pao On v Lau Yiu Long all the above mentioned three requirements were present. In particular, the defendant has made a request that the plaintiff would preserve 60 percent of the shares and the parties believed at that time that the action would be rewarded by the stipulation of a promise (McKendrick,E., and Liu, Q., 2015). Although, where the promise was already bound by the agreement to the promisor, the general ruling was that the presentation of an existing contractual duty would not be a good consideration unless some extra advantage was awarded. But the situation would be different where the promise with regard to the agreement bound to a 3rd party to carry out the duty. In a matter where the contractual obligation of the promise was owed to a third party, performing that obligation was considered as a good consideration for the promise of the promisor. Similarly in the matter of Glasbrook v Glamorgan County Council it was held that where an obligation was forced by law to carry out a certain assignment mere act of that task was not a good consideration. This helps in preventing bribery such as public officers extortion money from the public for performing tasks they were already requisite to do. Though, if the promisor does more than merely executing an accessible obligation would be considered as a good consideration (E-lawresources.co.uk, 2016). But there are presently two different exceptions to the obligation of price paid such as: Assurances made under seal deeds Where the principle of promissory estoppel functions. As this doctrine was intended to implement undertakings in certain situations where it would be unfair not to do so but it was not a true alternate for the price paid. The principle was reasonable in nature and functions when it would be unjust for the promisor not to be held to the promise. It was first developed in the case of Hughes v. Metropolitan Railway Co [1877] but was vanished for some time until it was revived by the judge in the matter of Central London Property v High Trees. The judge in this matter affirmed that the code which has been explained as quasi estoppels and perhaps more clearly as promissory estoppels was that when one party to an agreement in the absence of a fresh price paid for the promise agrees not to put into effect his liberties. Then, fairness would be lifted in favor of the other party. This fairness was, however, subject to the prerequisite: That the other party has misrepresented his situation; That the promisor could withdraw from his undertaking on granting rational notice, which need not be a official notice, giving the promise a practical chance of restarting his work; The assurance only becomes final and irreversible if the promisee would not resume his position (Supreme Court of New South Wales, 2016). In this case another kind of promise was represented that the courts would enforce without consideration and also it was stated that a promise must be honored if: It was made with the purpose of producing a lawful relation; The promisor knew that it would be imposed upon by the pomisee; and It was imposed upon by the promise to the promisees damage. The court held that in this circumstance, the plaintiff would be stopped from implementing its strict lawful liberties as it would be inequitable to enforce such privileges. It also defined the equitable estoppels as a condition in which a promisor would be stopped from implementing his full lawful privileges if he had made a previous promise limiting this liberty (Olamide, 2016). Therefore, in such type of cases estoppels would act as a defense to protect the promisor who acted variably with the promise but would not originate as a cause of action. So, it would be taken as a shield rather than a sword. The significance of the case lies in the obiter declaration of ruling made by the judge which states that a guarantee which proposed to be obligatory, planned to be acted on, or in fact acted on, is obligatory so far as its conditions correctly apply. In applying this ruling, it was also affirmed that an assurance to accept a lower rent during the war years was obligatory on the landlord, in spite of the fact that the tenant has supplied no price for it. For this doctrine there were certain restrictions which must be satisfied which were derived in this case. The restrictions include certain points such as: There must be a promise There must be a clear promise which intends to alter the contracted duty. However, there were some limitations also related to the doctrine of estoppels such as: It applied only where the parties were already in an accessible contractual association; and It offered only a guard to a assertion made by the promisor in contravention of the promise so it would not establish a allegation. It was also stated by a judge in the matter of Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd that it accepted the ruling that High Trees would be used to destroy a liberty of a creditor to pay full amount of a debt in some situations (McKendendrick, 2013). Contract law of Australia has now gone beyond the point noticeable in the High Trees case to the cases where there was no pre-existing lawful association among the parties, and the doctrine could be regarded as a weapon not just as a guard. The verdict given in the case of Waltan Stores have extended the doctrine of Promissory estoppel which was established in the high trees case giving way for an equitable estoppel to be acknowledged and applied in the subsequent case laws (Clark, E., 2016). As Equitable estoppels was regarded as the rule that recognizes that it would be unconscionable of one party from gaining any type of benefit over the second party due to falsification resulting in actions taken by the second party that led to a harmful result to themselves. Also this doctrine was not reliant on a pre-existing contractual association. So, it is concluded that the idea of past price payment being not good consideration is no longer suitable since the High Trees case because of the evolution of the exception of Promissory estoppels to the this rule of past consideration. Also, the High Trees case has not been overruled by any case rather only the doctrine of estoppels have been more briefly defined in the case of Waltan Stores. Therefore, this principle still applies in present time. References: Australian Contract Law. (2015) Consideration.[Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html#considpast [Accessed on 21/09/16] Law Teacher. (2016) Promise in Breach of Contract. [Online] Law Teacher. Available from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/promise-in-breach-of-contract-law-essay.php [Accessed on 21/09/16] McKendrick,E., and Liu, Q. (2015) Contract Law: Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. E-lawresources.co.uk. (2016) Glasbrook Bros v Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270 House of Lords.[Online] E-lawresources.co.uk. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Glasbrook-Bros-v-Glamorgan-County-Council.php [Accessed on 21/09/16] Olamide, O. (2016) The Concept Of Consideration. [Online] Djetlawyer. Available from: https://www.djetlawyer.com/the-concept-of-consideration/ [Accessed on 21/09/16] Supreme Court of New South Wales. ( 2016) Equitable Estoppel In Australia: The Court Of Conscience In The Antipodes. [Online] Supreme Court of New South Wales. Available from: https://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Speeches/Pre-2015%20Speeches/Brereton/brereton_2007.03.16.pdf [Accessed on 21/09/16] Clark, E.( 2016) The Swordbearer Has Arrived: Promissory Estoppel And Walton Stores (Interstate) Ltd V Maher. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UTasLawRw/1987/5.pdf [Accessed on 21/09/16] McKendendrick, E. (2013) Contract Law. Palgrave Macmillan.

UChicago Supplemental Essay Prompts 2018-2019

Who’s excited for the University of Chicago out-of-the-box supplemental essay prompts? University of Chicago 2018-2019 Essay Prompts The University of Chicago is known for its interesting and unique essay prompts that often ask students to show off their creativity. This year is no different. This year’s prompts ask students to imagine new spells, discover the end of the world, and more. If you’re interested in UChicago, it’s time to get brainstorming on how you’ll answer these essay prompts. UChicago’s application requires that applicants answer two essay questions. There is no word limit, and students can either submit it through the Common App or their own UChicago Account. Make sure you know which platform youre submitting through. UChicago Essay Prompt: Question 1 (Required) Essay Prompt: How does the University of Chicago, as you know it now, satisfy your desire for a particular kind of learning, community, and future? Please address with some specificity your own wishes and how they relate to UChicago. Essay Tips: This is the most common supplemental essay prompt you’ll find. It’s simple. Universities want to know why you want to study at their institution. What goals do you have that align with the teachings of the university? What does the community offer that can help you achieve those goals? In other words, they want to know that you’ve done the research and actually understand what the university has to offer you, instead of applying â€Å"just because†. On top of that, universities want to see that you know what your goals are and you see how that aligns with the university offerings. I mean, you wouldn’t apply to a university that doesn’t have an architecture program if you’re passionate about architecture, would you? So, think about what you want to gain out of the 4 years you have at college. If you’re not sure about what you want to study, that’s okay. You can think about the bigger picture: what are some skill sets or discipline that you want to be able to take away at the end of college. UChicago Extended Essay: Question 2 (Required) Essay Option 1 In 2015, the city of Melbourne, Australia created a tree-mail service, in which all of the trees in the city received an email address so that residents could report any tree-related issues. As an unexpected result, people began to email their favorite trees sweet and occasionally humorous letters. Imagine this has been expanded to any object (tree or otherwise) in the world, and share with us the letter you’d send to your favorite. -Inspired by Hannah Lu, Class of 2020 Essay Option 1 Advice: With this prompt, you’ll be able to share what your favorite object is. This doesn’t necessarily call on your most creative side, but it does allow you to show off your personality and your interests. You can take it anywhere you wantwhether that be a bus stop you have a long standing relationship with or a video game controller that has been through highs and lows with you. The point is you are allowed to choose anything that gets you excited, after all, it’s what you’d send to your favorite. Essay Option 2 You’re on a voyage in the thirteenth century, sailing across the tempestuous seas. What if, suddenly, you fell off the edge of the Earth? -Inspired by Chandani Latey, AB93 Essay Option 2 Advice: Are your creative sense tingling? This prompt reminds me a little bit of Alice in the Wonderland. What if you fell down a rabbit hole, or in this case, the edge of the Earth? What would be there? How would you go about approaching all the unfamiliar things? You will be able to demonstrate your creativity and your personality. You can describe how willing or unwilling you are to discover this new place you’ve found. Do you wish to stay there or are you looking for a way back? There’s a lot for you to play with, so be careful with how far you take this. As you brainstorm, keep in mind what it is you want to share about yourself. Essay Option 3 The word floccinaucinihilipilification is the act or habit of describing or regarding something as unimportant or of having no value. It originated in the mid-18th century from the Latin words floccus, naucum, nihilum, and pilus—all words meaning â€Å"of little use.† Coin your own word using parts from any language you choose, tell us its meaning, and describe the plausible (if only to you) scenarios in which it would be most appropriately used. -Inspired by Ben Zhang, Class of 2022 Essay Option 3 Advice: This might be a good prompt for those of you with a multicultural background, or for those who are really interested in language and linguistics. If you’re bilingual, you’ve probably encountered a situation where you knew how to express something in one language but not the other. Use your creativity and see how you can put them together, or using a language root develop a new word that will bring meaning to you and describe something you weren’t previously able to. Think hard about why you want it is you want to describe. It should have some meaning to you, otherwise, why do you need to create a new word to explain it? Essay Option 4 Lost your keys? Alohomora. Noisy roommate? Quietus. Feel the need to shatter windows for some reason? Finestra. Create your own spell, charm, jinx, or other means for magical mayhem. How is it enacted? Is there an incantation? Does it involve a potion or other magical object? If so, whats in it or what is it? What does it do? -Inspired by Emma Sorkin, Class of 2021 Essay Option 4 Advice: This is almost like asking what superpower you want! What daily inconvenience do you run into that a spell can solve? Put your inventor hats on and think about how the problems you can help solve not only for you but for everyone. Maybe there’s a spell that can be beneficial not only to you, but everyone. Use this prompt to show off your creative side, and perhaps your background or even your problem solving skills! Essay Option 5Imagine you’ve struck a deal with the Dean of Admissions himself, Dean Nondorf. It goes as follows: you’re guaranteed admission to the University of Chicago regardless of any circumstances that arise. This bond is grounded on the condition that you’ll obtain a blank, 8.5 x 11 piece of paper, and draw, write, sketch, shade, stencil, paint etc., anything and everything you want on it; your only limitations will be the boundaries of both sides on the single page. Now the catch†¦ your submission, for the rest of your life, will always be the first thing anyone you meet for the first time will see. Whether it’s at a job interview, a blind date, arrival at your first Humanities class, before you even say, â€Å"hey,† they’ll already have seen your page, and formulated that first impression. Show us your page. What’s on it, and why? If your piece is largely or exclusively visual, please make sure to share a creators accompa nying statement of at least 300 words, which we will happily allow to be on its own, separate page. PS: This is a creative thought experiment, and selecting this essay prompt does not guarantee your admission to UChicago. -Inspired by Amandeep Singh Ahluwalia, Class of 2022 Essay Option 5 Advice: The biggest challenge of this prompt is how long it is. Once you do read through it, the main question is this: if you had a one-page summary to describe to everyone you meet for the rest of your life, what would be on it? Because this is a more visual representation, please do not choose this essay prompt because you want to get out off writing an essay. This is certainly a prompt that will be advantageous for those who are artistically inclined as well. You are able to doodle and put down how you’d represent yourself to the world. Play around with colors to show your personality. Or the ratio of what you draw or write about: more focus on a specific topic probably means that is more valuable to you. This prompt is almost like an art project of how you’d represent yourself with any kind of medium. You’re just limited to a single page. You’d also have to provide an analysis of your piece, describing why you chose the colors, medium and composition. Essay Option 6 In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose your own question or choose one of our past prompts. Be original, creative, thought provoking. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. Essay Option 6 Advice: The above essay prompts not creative enough for you? Take a risk and put together a prompt you want to respond to. Before you do, take a look at some of the past prompts and see if those excite you! For supplemental essay examples, you can now search bysupplemental essay topicson our search page. Or, you can check out ourcurated packagesto find what you’re looking! For further access, upgrade to ourpremium plansoffer different levels of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school.